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In September 1857, Jean-Léon Chautard, Charles Bivors, and
Hippolyte Paon arrived in Salem, Massachusetts. These refugees from
the French Revolution of 1848 were "homeless, penniless,
friendless, strangers in a strange land, among a people of strange
speech," as one of their advocates, the abolitionist William Lloyd
Garrison, later put it. The only thing they had was a story to
tell—an affecting, yet thrilling story of revolutionary upheaval,
forced exile, and hairbreadth escapes over three continents, which
Chautard managed to write in English and to have published as a
pamphlet. Following the June Days uprising in Paris, the three
French socialists had been transported first to Algeria, then to
Cayenne. After years of hard labor, they had escaped the penal
colony and made their way to the United States via British Guiana.
These experiences brought them into close contact with the colonial
frontiers and slave societies of the Americas. In Salem, Chautard
soon published an account of their trials under the title Escapes
from Cayenne (1857). His pamphlet, which has long sunk into
oblivion, deserves rediscovery. Escapes from Cayennesheds light on
the ideological connections between the European "spirit of 1848"
and U.S. radical abolitionism and reveals the scope of cosmopolitan
solidarities available to fugitives of different national and
racial origins in the mid-nineteenth-century Atlantic world.
Written in English by a Frenchman, and reminiscent of literary
traditions such as the slave narrative and the picaresque novel, it
is a tale of adventure as well as a passionate cri de cœurfor
universal justice.
In September 1857, Jean-Léon Chautard, Charles Bivors, and
Hippolyte Paon arrived in Salem, Massachusetts. These refugees from
the French Revolution of 1848 were "homeless, penniless,
friendless, strangers in a strange land, among a people of strange
speech," as one of their advocates, the abolitionist William Lloyd
Garrison, later put it. The only thing they had was a story to
tell—an affecting, yet thrilling story of revolutionary upheaval,
forced exile, and hairbreadth escapes over three continents, which
Chautard managed to write in English and to have published as a
pamphlet. Following the June Days uprising in Paris, the three
French socialists had been transported first to Algeria, then to
Cayenne. After years of hard labor, they had escaped the penal
colony and made their way to the United States via British Guiana.
These experiences brought them into close contact with the colonial
frontiers and slave societies of the Americas. In Salem, Chautard
soon published an account of their trials under the title Escapes
from Cayenne (1857). His pamphlet, which has long sunk into
oblivion, deserves rediscovery. Escapes from Cayennesheds light on
the ideological connections between the European "spirit of 1848"
and U.S. radical abolitionism and reveals the scope of cosmopolitan
solidarities available to fugitives of different national and
racial origins in the mid-nineteenth-century Atlantic world.
Written in English by a Frenchman, and reminiscent of literary
traditions such as the slave narrative and the picaresque novel, it
is a tale of adventure as well as a passionate cri de cœurfor
universal justice.
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