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In this book we deal with combinations of concepts defining
individuals in the Talmud. Consider for example Yom Kippur and
Shabbat. Each concept has its own body of laws. Reality forces us
to combine them when they occur on the same day. This is a case of
"Identity Merging." As the combined body of laws may be
inconsistent, we need a belief revision mechanism to reconcile the
conflicting norms. The Talmud offers three options: 1 Take the
union of the sets of the rules side by side 2. Resolve the
conflicts using further meta-level Talmudic principles (which are
new and of value to present day Artificial Intelligence) 3. Regard
the new combined concept as a new entity with its own Halachic
norms and create new norms for it out of the existing ones. This
book offers a clear and precise logical model showing how the
Talmud deals with these options.
This book returns to the discussion in volume 1 on analogy and
induction, and analyses their substance. The first part
distinguishes between two kinds of logic: One kind based on union
of the common features, and the other kind based on synthesis of
different features. In the second part of the book we propose a
formal scheme for synthesis of concepts. The third part analyses
various mechanisms for kidushin and kinyan, which form a
mathematical group.
This book studies the Talmudic approach to Delegation. We develop
logical models for the basic Talmudic views of delegation. The
Talmudic approaches to the relationships between the Principal and
his Agent/Delegate are fundamentally very logical, and deal with
questions like chains of delegations, transfer of power,
cancellations, death, irresponsible behaviour, change of the terms
of delegation, and much more. We highlight the differences between
the Talmudic approach and the view of delegation in modern legal
systems.
Plato's theory of forms and Aristotle's Hylomorphism form a
foundational bifurcation at the source of western philosophy. From
a Jurisprudential and Talmudic point of view, assessing the status
of objects and actions obligatory in Halacha can be clarified when
assessed through this dual view of obligations to abstract ideal
forms or concrete earthly objects. The Talmudic mode of analysing
Halachic obligations suggests an approach of abstraction that
though not fully Platonic, can share some basic logical modes with
it.
This book studies Talmudic temporal logic and compares it with the
logic of time in contemporary law.Following a general introduction
about the logical handling of time, the book examines several key
Talmudic debates involving time.The book finds that we need
multi-dimensional temporal models with backward causation and
parallel histories.It seems that two major issues are involved: 1
Actions conditional about future actions (Tenayim), connecting with
backward causality2 Actions involving entities defined using future
events (Breira), connecting with ideas from quantum MechanicsThe
book concludes with a general comparative discussion of the
handling of time in general law and in the Talmud.
In this book we study the Deontic Logic of the Talmud. We find the
system is different from the formal deontic logical system
currently used in the general scientific community, both in its
ethical aspects as well as in its legal aspects. We show that the
Talmudic distinctions between Obligations and Prohibitions are not
based on the manner of execution of actions (positive action or
lack of action) and offer a suitable model for such
distinctions.Our model distinguishes between the normative and
practical aspects of the Talmudic legal and ethical argumentation
and discusses several applications and clarifications to current so
called paradoxes of Deontic Logic as related to Contrary to Duties
and to legal and ethical practical decision making.
We analyse the three basic non-deductive rules of Talmudic
inference; namely Kal Vachomer (Argumentum A Fortiori) and the two
kinds of Binyan Av (Analogy and Induction). We construct a unified
Matrix Abduction model which explains all the major instances of
these rules in the Talmud.
A motorcycle journey along Virginia's Heritage Music Trail, The
Crooked Road.
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War, WV (Paperback)
Michael Abraham
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R418
R356
Discovery Miles 3 560
Save R62 (15%)
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Out of stock
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Tragedy strikes often in the coal country of Southern West
Virginia, one of America's poorest places. Too often the tragedies
are caused by corporate malevolence. When a coal impoundment dam
upstream of War, West Virginia, collapses, sending a raging black
torrent of death through the hollow, Lucas "Pug" Graham and a band
of survivors decide that justice must be done.
This book puts forward new logical systems suitable for modelling
Talmudic and Biblical reasoning and argumentation. The Talmud is
very logical. It is said that when God gave Moses the Ten
Commandments, He also gave him additional laws and rules of logic
to enable human beings to derive more laws. Together with
colleagues the authors have already written 8 books on the logic of
the Talmud and the project will involve 15-20 volumes. The authors
have discovered principles which can be exported to current
research in scientific communities, as well as human common sense
reasoning and laws as tackled by religious thinking. Topics in this
book include: 1 Non-deductive Inference in the Talmud: The book
includes a new topological matrix method for analogical reasoning,
completely new to existing AI methods which rely on metric
distances. 2 The Textual Inference Rules Klal uPrat. How the Bible
Defines Sets: Traditional set theoretic methods for defining sets
are either by enumeration of its elements or by a predicate
formula. The biblical way is a common sense combination of the two,
approximating the set from above and from below by predicates,
supplemented by a small number of typical members of the set. 3
Talmudic Deontic Logic: The Talmud has its own Deontic Logic, free
of the traditional paradoxes. 4 Temporal Logic in the Talmud: The
Talmud allows for special conditionals with antecedents depending
on the future and consequents valid in the present. This new type
of logic allows for backwards causality and connects with aspects
of Quantum Logic. 5 Resolution of Conflicts and Normative Loops in
the Talmud: The book deals with Talmudic loop checking methods that
can be widely applied to handling loops in AI and logic. 6
Delegation and Representation in Talmudic Logic: Talmudic systems
of delegation are innovative and apply to modern day to day
computer delegation and access control. This book is of great
interest to researchers in AI and Law, in Argumentation theory, and
in Pure and Applied logical systems, as well as students of
Talmudic reasoning and debate.
Sammy Reisinger is a 17-year old violin prodigy from a wealthy New
Jersey family. She has inherited a priceless Cremonese violin from
her grandfather and is schooled in the classics. Becoming enamored
with traditional Appalachian music, she decides to visit the
venerable Old Fiddlers Convention in Southwest Virginia. While
there performing, tragedy strikes, leaving her seemingly trapped
and orphaned. Providence, VA is the story of how she and her tiny
host community deal with an epic disaster.
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book
may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages,
poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the
original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We
believe this work is culturally important, and despite the
imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of
our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works
worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in
the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields
in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as
an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification:
++++ Nouveau Dictionnaire Polonais, Allemand Et Francais revised
Michel Abraham Trotz Gleditsch, 1822
A mere 73 days after a ragtag South Carolina militia attacked Fort
Sumter launching the War Between the States, a band of railroad
executives and politicians from 27 Virginia counties met in
Wheeling, then Virginia's third largest city, and laid the
foundation for our nation's 35th state, West Virginia. Born amidst
the Sturm und Drang of our nation's most tragic and disruptive
event, West Virginia is the first and only state created from
another state without the parent state's consent. The lore which
emerged was purposefully designed to imbue its citizens with pride
and righteous purpose. The border is as craggy and haphazard as the
topography upon which it was superimposed, a beautiful, tragic, and
widely misunderstood swath of the central Appalachia. Michael
Abraham was raised as a member of an ethnic minority by a Northern
father and a Southern mother in a small southwest Virginia town.
With Blue Bloods to the east, hillbillies to the west, and
evangelical Christians everywhere, he forged an egalitarian ethos
and a kinship with those who tied their fortunes, sensibilities,
and affections to rugged, isolated areas. In The Spine of the
Virginias, Abraham chips away at the West Virginia formation myth.
He follows with a collection of contemporary vignettes of people
and places on both sides of the border of Virginia and West
Virginia, in revealing looks at the interaction between a landscape
and its people. Inspired by the quote, "Culture is something we
think other people have," Abraham profiles doctors, lawyers,
journalists, miners, and businesspeople; senators, mayors, and
gubernatorial candidates; filmmakers, musicians, and artists;
beekeepers, maple syrup producers, brick sculptors, and barbarians.
This palette is infused with green and brown earthtones, the canvas
is a richly corrugated and rugged parchment, and the patina is a
pall of resentment, resignation, affection, divided loyalties, and
constitutional ambiguities.
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