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Individual Differences and Personality, Fourth Edition provides a
comprehensive overview of research regarding what personality is
and how and why it differs between people. This book begins with a
description of the study of personality and then presents basic
principles of personality measurement, the concept of personality
traits, and the major dimensions of personality variation. Further
chapters review personality change and stability, biological causal
mechanisms, genetic and environmental influences, and evolutionary
adaptive function. Personality disorders are examined as are life
outcomes (such as relationships, work, and health) that are
predicted by personality characteristics. In addition, the book
examines important individual differences beyond personality, such
as mental abilities, religious beliefs, political attitudes, and
sexuality. Revisions to the fourth edition include updates to all
chapters and substantial new content. For example, the
developmental change chapter includes new studies of long-term
stability, and the biological bases chapter includes new research
about the effects of dopamine-like substances on impulse control.
The genetics chapter has been heavily revised to cover recent
meta-analyses and large-scale studies of the heritability of
personality traits. In the chapter on the evolutionary function of
personality, the discussion of sex differences is expanded to
include cross-cultural variation. The chapter on personality and
life outcomes includes new coverage of rating the personality of
one's hypothetical ideal partner. The chapter on mental ability has
updates on brain volume and IQ and on motivation and IQ.
People who have high levels of H are sincere and modest; people who
have low levels are deceitful and pretentious. The "H" in the H
factor stands for "Honesty-Humility", one of the six basic
dimensions of the human personality. It isn't intuitively obvious
that traits of honesty and humility go hand in hand, and until very
recently the H factor hadn't been recognized as a basic dimension
of personality. But scientific evidence shows that traits of
honesty and humility form a unified group of personality traits,
separate from those of the other five groups identified several
decades ago. This book, written by the discoverers of the H factor,
explores the scientific findings that show the importance of this
personality dimension in various aspects of people's lives: their
approaches to money, power, and sex; their inclination to commit
crimes or obey the law; their attitudes about society, politics,
and religion; and their choice of friends and spouse. Finally, the
book provides ways of identifying people who are low in the H
factor, as well as advice on how to raise one's own level of H.
Individual Differences and Personality, Third Edition provides a
comprehensive overview of research on personality. The book begins
with the main approaches to the study of personality, basic
principles of personality measurement, the concept of personality
traits, and the major dimensions of personality variation. Further
chapters review personality change and stability, biological causal
mechanisms, genetic and environmental influences and evolutionary
adaptive function. Personality disorders are examined as are life
outcomes-such as relationships, work, health, and others-that are
predicted by personality characteristics. The book additionally
examines important individual differences, such as mental
abilities, vocational interests, religious beliefs, political
attitudes and sexuality. The third edition is updated with new
findings on age-related differences in personality, on sexual
orientation and personality, on socially desirable responding in
personality assessment, and on the biological and social origins of
mental ability differences. Treatments of several topics have been
streamlined, including reliability and validity, developmental
change, genetic and environmental influences and the structure of
mental abilities.
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