This book argues that despite the greater visibility of transgender people today, their lives as professional teachers and administrators remain enormously difficult. Workplace discrimination against transgender educators continues to run rampant, especially outside of the traditionally liberal enclaves. In fact, if their workplace is a safe haven which it rarely is, many transgender educators lead double lives as professionals during the day and marginalized people outside of their workplace. Even the most liberal communities may provide superficial support while continuing to hold longstanding prejudices as this study demonstrates. As a result, nearly 46% of trans educators remain in the closet, and those that are out must endure more subtle yet determined efforts to isolate them. The author's research shows that 100% of survey respondents indicated they believed they were fired or not promoted because of their gender identity. With the rise of students coming out daily to express their fluctuating gender presentation, the author notes the critical importance of strong and supported transgender teacher role models. Written by a transgender woman, this is a highly engaging and timely study of the lives of transgender educators behind the scenes and how you can be an active ally in the fight against transphobia regardless of your profession.

As of mid-2004, American prisons and jails housed 2.1 million inmates, or one out of every 138 people in the United States. When these prisoners are released, the majority will be arrested for a felony or serious misdemeanor within three years. Clearly, the prison system fails to rehabilitate many offenders. But of the various methods proposed for rehabilitation, which have proved most successful, and which treatments look most promising for the future? This discussion of the treatment of criminal offenders explores the various trends in public opinion that influence crime prevention efforts, create public policy and reform criminal law. The work discusses three core issues in the study of punishment: the role of free will and determination; the search for the root cause or causes of crime; and the effects of studying crimes versus studying criminals. It provides a brief history of the American prison, highlighting the continuous debate regarding the rehabilitation and punishment of criminals. Additional topics include the history of biologically and psychologically based treatments; the principles of effective intervention; and what lies ahead in the 21st century.

For centuries scholars have studied the possible causes of criminal behavior in the hopes of shedding light on one of society's most persistent problems. This volume examines criminology from the perspective of those centuries of study. Written by a psychologist who has worked extensively with the criminal population, it focuses on the diverse theories that have been offered and the ways in which they contribute to the modern view of the criminal. The correlates of crime such as age, gender, race and IQ are discussed along with more random factors such as choice and chance. Theories of biology, psychology and sociology are all discussed. Criminological sources from the 18th century through the end of the 20th are cited and major developments noted. Finally, a brief preview of 21st century criminology considers how the lessons of the past might be adapted and drawn upon for future discoveries.

This book argues that despite the greater visibility of transgender people today, their lives as professional teachers and administrators remain enormously difficult. Workplace discrimination against transgender educators continues to run rampant, especially outside of the traditionally liberal enclaves. In fact, if their workplace is a safe haven which it rarely is, many transgender educators lead double lives as professionals during the day and marginalized people outside of their workplace. Even the most liberal communities may provide superficial support while continuing to hold longstanding prejudices as this study demonstrates. As a result, nearly 46% of trans educators remain in the closet, and those that are out must endure more subtle yet determined efforts to isolate them. The author's research shows that 100% of survey respondents indicated they believed they were fired or not promoted because of their gender identity. With the rise of students coming out daily to express their fluctuating gender presentation, the author notes the critical importance of strong and supported transgender teacher role models. Written by a transgender woman, this is a highly engaging and timely study of the lives of transgender educators behind the scenes and how you can be an active ally in the fight against transphobia regardless of your profession.