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First published in 1986, the research for this book was originally
undertaken by the authors at The Futures Group for the Office of
Technology Assessment. This study assesses technology trade from
the perspective of the competing supplier countries. This group was
defined to include the United States, Japan, and Western Europe.
Six Middle Eastern countries were selected for detailed review:
Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia.
This book explores the impact of Japanese and European nontariff
barriers (NTBs) on the international marketing, investment, and
technology strategies of small- to medium-sized high-technology
U.S. firms. .
This book assesses the politics and programs of the U.S.
Export-Import Bank and their relevance to U.S. trade policy.
Focusing on the direct loan program for large credits with
maturities of more than five years, the authors evaluate the broad
criteria employed by the Bank in its decision-making process and
the resulting allocation of Bank resources. They also examine the
distribution of Bank loans and subsidies across industries and
relate this to key industry characteristics such as comparative
advantage and export dependence. The problems faced by the Eximbank
in recent years-high borrowing costs, intensified export credit
competition, limited resources, increased risks, conflicting
mandates to be competitive yet self-sustaining --have given
tremendous importance to the careful articulation of policy and
administration of programs. The authors find Bank policies to be
broadly supportive of the U.S. trade policy goals, but also
identify several areas of inconsistency and lack of definition and
offer alternative means of specifying criteria to overcome these
problems.
First published in 1986, the research for this book was originally
undertaken by the authors at The Futures Group for the Office of
Technology Assessment. This study assesses technology trade from
the perspective of the competing supplier countries. This group was
defined to include the United States, Japan, and Western Europe.
Six Middle Eastern countries were selected for detailed review:
Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia.
This book assesses the politics and programs of the U.S.
Export-Import Bank and their relevance to U.S. trade policy.
Focusing on the direct loan program for large credits with
maturities of more than five years, the authors evaluate the broad
criteria employed by the Bank in its decision-making process and
the resulting allocation of Bank resources. They also examine the
distribution of Bank loans and subsidies across industries and
relate this to key industry characteristics such as comparative
advantage and export dependence. The problems faced by the Eximbank
in recent years-high borrowing costs, intensified export credit
competition, limited resources, increased risks, conflicting
mandates to be competitive yet self-sustaining --have given
tremendous importance to the careful articulation of policy and
administration of programs. The authors find Bank policies to be
broadly supportive of the U.S. trade policy goals, but also
identify several areas of inconsistency and lack of definition and
offer alternative means of specifying criteria to overcome these
problems.
This book explores the impact of Japanese and European nontariff
barriers (NTBs) on the international marketing, investment, and
technology strategies of small- to medium-sized high-technology
U.S. firms. The study documents a pronounced dichotomy between
strategies of small and large companies that, to a significant
extent, reflects the gap in the resources, bargaining power, and
familiarity with foreign markets of these two groups. Conclusions
concerning the efficacy of corporate strategies adopted are
supported by an analysis of over 20 case studies. These strategies
range from licensing agreements with local firms to use of a
trading company or local distributor, formation of a joint venture
with a local firm, and establishment of a wholly owned subsidiary
in the foreign market.
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