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National Role Conceptions in a New Millennium examines the
transformation of the international system through an examination
of the role conceptions adopted by the different global actors.
Advancing current role theory scholarship in International
Relations, the contributors take as their starting point the
question of how international actors are responding to the
reordering of the global system. They reflect on the rise of new
actors and the reemergence of old rivalries, the decline of
established norms, and the unleashing of internal political forces
such as nationalism and parochialism. They argue that changes in
the international system can impact how states define their roles
and act as a variable in both domestic and international role
contestations. Further, they examine the redefinition of roles of
countries and the international organizations that have been
central to the US and western dominated world order, including
major powers in the world (the US, Russia, China, Britain etc.) as
well as the European Union, NATO, and ASEAN. By looking at
international organizations, this text moves beyond the traditional
subjects of role theory in the study of international relations, to
examine how roles are contested in non-state actors. National Role
Conceptions in a New Millennium is the first attempt to delve into
the individual motivations of states to seek role transition. As
such, it is ideal for those teaching and studying both theory and
method in international relations and foreign policy analysis.
Leading scientists are identified as much by their ability to
communicate ideas and results as by the quality of their research.
Ideas and results that are not communicated effectively will not
contribute to new knowledge, so it is important that scientists
learn to improve their communication skills. There are many types
of scientific communication, the principal ones being journal
papers and popular science articles, as well as oral and poster
presentations at scientific meetings. In each case, the ABC of
science communication is that it should be Accurate and Audience
adapted, Brief and Clear. presentations so that your message can be
transmitted clearly and concisely to the reader or listener.
Techniques for improving your writing, literature searching and
training students in communication are also discussed. In this
revised edition a few more topics have been added, such as
electronic submission of manuscripts, writing statistics, and
writing research proposals. research results, experienced
scientists wanting to make their communications more effective,
university students at all levels, and teachers involved in the
instruction of communication skills.
Currently developed countries pay much more attention to harmfully
addictive substances than developing countries. However, the
experience of developed countries is very relevant to the
developing world since substance abuse is likely to impose a
continually increasing burden of disease in this region in the near
future. This book extends the frontiers of research on the
economics of substance use and abuse in a variety of extremely
significant ways. It focuses on the determinants and consequences
of the consumption of cigarettes, alcohol, betel quid, and illicit
drugs in the United States, Great Britain and Taiwan. The authors
use a variety of empirical techniques to examine the roles of
price, advertising, risk perception, time preference and
forward-looking behaviour in consumption decisions and the effects
of these decisions on labour market outcomes, unintended
pregnancies and criminal violence. Economic Analysis of Substance
Use and Abuse will be required reading for scholars of economic
development and health economics.
National Role Conceptions in a New Millennium examines the
transformation of the international system through an examination
of the role conceptions adopted by the different global actors.
Advancing current role theory scholarship in International
Relations, the contributors take as their starting point the
question of how international actors are responding to the
reordering of the global system. They reflect on the rise of new
actors and the reemergence of old rivalries, the decline of
established norms, and the unleashing of internal political forces
such as nationalism and parochialism. They argue that changes in
the international system can impact how states define their roles
and act as a variable in both domestic and international role
contestations. Further, they examine the redefinition of roles of
countries and the international organizations that have been
central to the US and western dominated world order, including
major powers in the world (the US, Russia, China, Britain etc.) as
well as the European Union, NATO, and ASEAN. By looking at
international organizations, this text moves beyond the traditional
subjects of role theory in the study of international relations, to
examine how roles are contested in non-state actors. National Role
Conceptions in a New Millennium is the first attempt to delve into
the individual motivations of states to seek role transition. As
such, it is ideal for those teaching and studying both theory and
method in international relations and foreign policy analysis.
The fields of pharmaceutical economics and health economics/policy
are reaching a point of convergence. This is due to both the
widespread availability of pharmaceutical treatments, accompanied
by broader insurance coverage, and the regulation of prescription
drugs in both private and government plans. This book will bridge
the gap. We will explore developments in both U.S. and
International setting. The system of the U.S. is characterized by a
mix of private and government insurance for prescription drugs with
the expansion of Medicare Part D. Most other developed countries
are characterized by social insurance with either the government as
a single payer such as in Canada or Australia, or a national health
service as in many other European countries.
FORENSIC CHEMISTRY FUNDAMENTALS strives to help scientists &
lawyers, & students, understand how their two disciplines come
together for forensic science, in the contexts of analytical
chemistry & related science more generally, and the common law
systems of Canada, USA, UK, the Commonwealth. In this book,
forensics is considered more generally than as only for criminal
law; workplace health & safety, and other areas are included.
And, two issues of Canadian legal process are argued as essays in
the fi nal two chapters.
Human capital is embodied in human beings. It embraces the
individual's capacity to perform and enjoy activities that provide
money and/or psychic income. Health behaviour affects human capital
and is itself affected by the individual's human capital. This
volume consists of original theoretical and empirical contributions
to our knowledge of the interdependence between Human Capital and
Health Behaviour.
Medical technology broadly defined to include all aspects of the
process of treating disease (e.g., pharmaceuticals, medical
devices, and surgical procedures) is profoundly important for
individual health and, consequently, also for general welfare.
Advances in medical technology convey the prospect of both improved
population health and increased general welfare. However, because
of the extensive regulation of the markets for healthcare goods and
services, the development and application of medical technologies
differs fundamentally from non-medical technological advances. In
this volume of the "Advances in Health Economics and Health
Services Research" series we present several papers that provide
theoretical and empirical evidence about the market for medical
technology.
This book provides a broad analysis of the legacy of the Obama
presidency, representing multiple perspectives across the partisan
and disciplinary divides. The chapters in this book are grouped
into three major legacy categories: domestic policy, foreign
policy, and rhetoric. Domestically, the contributors examine the
"Obama coalition" and its staying power in the age of Trump,
President Obama's legacy regarding the use of executive power, his
impact on intergovernmental relations, and his impact on the
welfare state and education. On the foreign policy front, the
central focus is on whether Obama was in fact much different from
his predecessor, what impact he had on the Middle East and
Afghanistan, and whether his pivot to Asia yielded the hoped-for
results. The contributions in this book also aim to (re-)assess the
Obama legacy in light of the subsequent efforts by his successor to
undo many of the policies embraced and implemented during the Obama
years.
This collection of Michael Grossman's most important papers adds
essential background and depth to his work on economic-based
determinants of public health. Grossman organizes his essays into
four categories and includes an introduction to each section that
addresses the issues covered and the larger stakes of his work. An
afterword discusses the effect of Grossman's approach to subsequent
research on health economics and the work others have done to
advance and extend his innovative perspective. Determinants of
Health begins with a section on the theoretical underpinnings and
empirical results of Grossman's groundbreaking health economics
model, first introduced in the 1970s. It follows with sections on
the relationship between health and schooling; determinants of
infant health, with a special emphasis on public policies and
programs; and the economics of unhealthy behaviors. These essays
explain how the economic choices people make influence health and
health behaviors. Grossman treats health as a form of human
capital, and he shows that public policies and programs that
determine the price and availability of key inputs have critical
effects on outcomes ranging from birthweight and infant mortality
to cigarette smoking, alcohol abuse, illegal drug use, and obesity.
Grossman's approach has led to a major stream of literature in the
field with contributions by the world's leading health economists,
including Joseph Newhouse, Jonathan Gruber, Amy Finkelstein,
Michael Greenstone, and David Cutler. His clarity on the economic
decisions that lead people to make good or poor health choices is
immensely valuable to the debate over how we spend on and legislate
health.
Obesity, which has increased in most developed countries in the
past few decades, is the result of genetics, environment, and
individual choices. Economics is useful for studying the individual
choices that lead to obesity, explanations for the recent rise in
obesity, the treatment options for obesity, and the costs and
consequences of obesity for the individual and society.
The papers in this volume, devoted to the economics of obesity,
illustrate the wide usefulness of the economic approach. The papers
in the first section propose and test economic explanations for
food-consumption choices and obesity. In particular, they assess
the impact of food quality, access to fast food, food prices,
legislation, and other factors on diet, physical activity, and body
weight.
Treatments for obesity, specifically bariatric surgery and
anti-obesity drugs, are studied in the second section of this
volume. The third section is devoted to the labor market impacts of
obesity; evidence from fifteen countries is presented and
evaluated. The fourth and final section calculates the impact of
obesity on hospital costs and examines the externalities imposed by
obesity through health insurance.
Taken together, the papers in this volume advance the frontier of
knowledge about the causes, implications, and consequences of
obesity, and validate the usefulness of the economic approach for
studying obesity in particular and medical conditions more
generally.
*Studies obesity from an economic perspective
*Proposes economic explanation for food consumption choices,
treatment of obesity, and treatment of the condition
*International in scope - provides evidence from 15 countries
The economics of substance use and abuse deals with the consumption
of goods that share two properties. First, they are addictive in
the sense that an increase in past consumption of the good leads to
an increase in current consumption. Second, their consumption harms
the consumer and others. This second property makes them of
interest from policy, legal, and public health perspectives. The
tremendous expansion in research in the economics of substance use
and abuse since the early 1980s and the presence of many unresolved
issues motivate this volume. While most of the papers are by
economists, the disciplines of medicine, political science, and
psychology also are represented. Any successful attempt to address
substance use must adopt an interdisciplinary perspective. The aim
of the volume to cover issues pertaining to individual behavior,
social interactions, markets, and politics makes this all the more
necessary. Some of the twenty papers in the volume contain new
estimates of the price sensitivity of alcohol, cigarettes,
marijuana, cocaine, and heroin. Others focus on the effects of
consumption on earnings, crime, suicide, and sexually transmitted
diseases. Still others address the roles of psychobiology, social
interaction, hyperbolic discounting, and peer effects in shaping
decisions with regard to the use of harmfully addictive substances.
To a larger or lesser extent, all the papers contain implications
for policy-making. A number of papers, however, are more directly
concerned with policy-making and with the policy-making
environment, including evaluations of the costs and benefits of
treatment services for abusers. Readers of this volume should gain
a much betterunderstanding of what we know and what we still need
to know about the economics of substance use and abuse.
Part of a series which focuses on health economics and health
services research, this volume discusses topics including
cost-benefit evaluations in mental health and the demand for health
care for the treatment of mental problems among the elderly.
The media have become principal actors on the American political
scene. Politicians and their press secretaries release news items
with one eye on the event and the other on the millions of voters
who depend on the White House press corps to keep them informed
about the workings of their government.
"Portraying the President" explores the inner workings of the
relationship between the White House and the press. Rather than
emphasize the well-publicized sparring between inquisitive
reporters and evasive administrative spokesmen intent on enhancing
the President's public image, the authors stress the vast amount of
cooperation between journalists and their sources. They point out
the similarities of the White House-media relationship in recent
administrations and suggest what shape it is likely to take in the
future.
The authors also address the key issues of information
management and manipulation by both the administration and the
press. Grossman and Kumar demonstrate that, whether a lower level
staff member leaks a news item to elevate his own status or an
official spokesman mentions a new policy proposal in order to
gather support, the release of information to the White House press
corps involves complicated strategies among a number of
administrative personnel. Washington reporters, aware of some of
these tactics, compensate by cultivating personal sources and
trading information with officials. Nevertheless, the routine
nature of White House reporting and the competitiveness of modern
news organizations often trap the reporter into what has been
called "pack journalism."
Interviews with current and former White House reporters,
including Bob Schieffer, Tom Brokaw, James Naughton, James Reston,
and John Osborne, give "Portraying the President" an authentic,
firsthand sound and feel. Comments from Ron Nessen, Gerald
Rafshoon, Jody Powell, and other presidential spokesmen and
advisors, give insight into White House operations during the
Nixon, Ford, and Carter administrations.
"Portraying the President" provides information vital to an
appreciation of the modern American political system. Its
thought-provoking conclusions will be of interest political
scientists, media specialists, and anyone interested in current
affairs.
A seminal work in health economics, Michael Grossman's The Demand
for Health introduced a new theoretical model for determining the
health status of the population when first published in 1972. His
work uniquely synthesized economic and public health knowledge and
catalyzed a vastly influential body of health economics literature.
It is well past time to bring this important work back into print.
Grossman bases his approach on Gary S. Becker's household
production function model and his theory of investment in human
capital. Consumers demand health, which can include illness-free
days in a given year or life expectancy, and then produce it
through the input of medical care services, diet, other market
goods and services, and time. Grossman also treats health and
knowledge as equal parts of the durable stock of human capital.
Consumers therefore have an incentive to invest in health to
increase their earnings in the future. From here, Grossman examines
complementarities between health capital and other forms of human
capital, the most important of which is knowledge capital earned
through schooling and its effect on the efficiency of production.
He concludes that the rate of return on investing in health by
increasing education may exceed the rate of return on investing in
health through greater medical care. Higher income may not lead to
better health outcomes, as wealth enables the consumption of goods
and services with adverse health effects. These are some of the
major revelations of Grossman's model, findings that have great
relevance as we struggle to understand the links between poverty,
education, structural disadvantages, and health.
Why are we here? What is the point of all our efforts? And can our
activities and endeavors really bring us true happiness? Rarely in
our complex world do we have the opportunity to consider the larger
picture, and for those who wish to gain some understanding of the
traditional Jewish approach to these and similar questions, the
task can be daunting. Uncovering Judaism's Soul provides answers to
these basic philosophical questions, and it bases these answers on
original Jewish source material. Judaism is complex, and
traditional Jewish religious literature is vast-for the
uninitiated, the basic answers are difficult to find. Furthermore,
the original sources are written in Hebrew and Aramaic, and
although English translations exist for many of the better-known
works, much has not been translated. With help, however, answers to
fundamental questions can be uncovered: Why did God create the
universe? What is the purpose of human life? How can a person find
fulfillment in life?...
Why are we here? What is the point of all our efforts? And can our
activities and endeavors really bring us true happiness? Rarely in
our complex world do we have the opportunity to consider the larger
picture, and for those who wish to gain some understanding of the
traditional Jewish approach to these and similar questions, the
task can be daunting. Uncovering Judaism's Soul provides answers to
these basic philosophical questions, and it bases these answers on
original Jewish source material. Judaism is complex, and
traditional Jewish religious literature is vast-for the
uninitiated, the basic answers are difficult to find. Furthermore,
the original sources are written in Hebrew and Aramaic, and
although English translations exist for many of the better-known
works, much has not been translated. With help, however, answers to
fundamental questions can be uncovered: Why did God create the
universe? What is the purpose of human life? How can a person find
fulfillment in life?...
Perhaps the world's longest coming-of-age story, SHRINKWRAPPED
shows how one man's search for a better life worked-at last. In a
blue-collar Michigan town where corporal punishment was seen as
positive parenting, troubled families rarely sought professional
help. But Michael Grossman's teachers sent him to see a Freudian
psychoanalyst at age 7. It was the first of a parade of therapies
that would include Rogerian bear-hugs, Gestalt dream analysis,
Rolfing, Bioenergetics and even LSD. Sitting beside Michael on a
succession of "shrinks'" couches, the reader follows his progress
through one defense after another until he finally achieves a
joyful capacity to care for others. Untangling the complex,
sometimes eccentric and other times abusive family relationships
that enmeshed his Midwestern boyhood in the mid-20th century, the
author finally faces fundamental truths that lead to a profound
transformation. By turns funny, poignant and shocking,
Shrinkwrapped is a story of hope, of growing insight and ultimately
of love reborn.
The book contains a detailed account of the first non-Newtonian
calculus. In this system, the exponential functions play the role
that the linear functions play in the classical calculus of Newton
and Leibniz. This nonlinear system provides mathematical tools for
use in science, engineering, and mathematics. It appears to have
considerable potential for use as an alternative to the classical
calculus. It may well be that this non-Newtonian calculus can be
used to define new concepts, to yield new or simpler laws, or to
formulate or solve problems.
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