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Essays reconsidering key topics in the history of late medieval
Scotland and northern England. The volume celebrates the career of
the influential historian of late medieval Scotland and northern
England, Dr Alexander (Sandy) Grant. Its contributors engage with
the profound shift in thinking about this society in the light of
his scholarship, and the development of the "New Orthodoxy", both
attending to the legacy of this discourse, and offering new
research with which to challenge or amend our understanding of late
medieval Scotland and northern England. Dr Grant's famously wide
and diverse historical interests are here reflected through three
main foci: kingship, lordship and identity. The volume includes
significant reassessments of the reputations of two kings,
Alexander I of Scotland and Henry V of England; an examination of
Richard III's relationship to the lordship of Pontefract; and a
study of the development of royal pardon in late medieval Scotland.
Further chapters consider the social influence and legal and
tenurial rights vested in aristocratic lineages, regional gentry
communities, and the leaders of burghal corporations. Finally, the
relationship between saints cults, piety and regnal and regional
identity in medieval Scotland is scrutinised in chapters on St
Margaret and St Ninian.
First extended treatment of the city of St Andrews during the
middle ages. St Andrews was of tremendous significance in medieval
Scotland. Its importance remains readily apparent in the buildings
which cluster the rocky promontory jutting out into the North Sea:
the towers and walls of cathedral, castleand university provide
reminders of the status and wealth of the city in the Middle Ages.
As a centre of earthly and spiritual government, as the place of
veneration for Scotland's patron saint and as an ancient seat of
learning,St Andrews was the ecclesiastical capital of Scotland.
This volume provides the first full study of this special and
multi-faceted centre throughout its golden age. The fourteen
chapters use St Andrews as a focus for the discussion of multiple
aspects of medieval life in Scotland. They examine church,
spirituality, urban society and learning in a specific context from
the seventh to the sixteenth century, allowing for the
consideration of St Andrews alongside other great religious and
political centres of medieval Europe.
This book is an international effort to standardize the language,
terms, and methods used in ocular toxicology.With over 300 color
illustrations this consensus volume provides standards and
harmonization for procedures, terminology, and scoring schemes for
ocular toxicology. it is essential for industry, pharmaceutical
companies, and governmental agencies to help improve the drug
development process and to reduce and refine the use of animals in
research. Standards for Ocular Toxicology and Inflammation is
endorsed by the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists.
This book is an international effort to standardize the language,
terms, and methods used in ocular toxicology.With over 300 color
illustrations this consensus volume provides standards and
harmonization for procedures, terminology, and scoring schemes for
ocular toxicology. it is essential for industry, pharmaceutical
companies, and governmental agencies to help improve the drug
development process and to reduce and refine the use of animals in
research. Standards for Ocular Toxicology and Inflammation is
endorsed by the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists.
First extended treatment of the city of St Andrews during the
middle ages. St Andrews was of tremendous significance in medieval
Scotland. Its importance remains readily apparent in the buildings
which cluster the rocky promontory jutting out into the North Sea:
the towers and walls of cathedral, castleand university provide
reminders of the status and wealth of the city in the Middle Ages.
As a centre of earthly and spiritual government, as the place of
veneration for Scotland's patron saint and as an ancient seat of
learning,St Andrews was the ecclesiastical capital of Scotland.
This volume provides the first full study of this special and
multi-faceted centre throughout its golden age. The fourteen
chapters use St Andrews as a focus for the discussion of multiple
aspects of medieval life in Scotland. They examine church,
spirituality, urban society and learning in a specific context from
the seventh to the sixteenth century, allowing for the
consideration of St Andrews alongside other great religious and
political centres of medieval Europe. Michael Brown is Professor of
Medieval Scottish History, University of St Andrews; Katie
Stevenson is Keeper of Scottish History and Archaeology,National
Museums Scotland and Senior Lecturer in Late Medieval History,
University of St Andrews. Contributors: Michael Brown, Ian
Campbell, David Ditchburn, Elizabeth Ewan, Richard Fawcett, Derek
Hall, Matthew Hammond,Julian Luxford, Roger Mason, Norman Reid,
Bess Rhodes, Catherine Smith, Katie Stevenson, Simon Taylor, Tom
Turpie.
Fresh approaches to one of the most important poems from medieval
Scotland. John Barbour's Bruce, an account of the deeds of Robert I
of Scotland (1306-29) and his companions during the so-called wars
of independence between England and Scotland, is an important and
complicated text. Composed c.1375 during the reign of Robert's
grandson, Robert II, the first Stewart king of Scotland (1371-90),
the poem represents the earliest surviving complete literary work
of any length produced in "Inglis" in late medieval Scotland, andis
usually regarded as the starting point for any worthwhile
discussion of the language and literature of Early Scots. It has
also been used as an essential "historical" source for the career
and character of that iconic monarch Robert I. But its narrative
defies easy categorisation, and has been variously interpreted as a
romance, a verse history, an epic or a chivalric biography. This
collection re-assesses the form and purpose of Barbour's great
poem. It considers the poem from a variety of perspectives,
re-examining the literary, historical, cultural and intellectual
contexts in which it was produced, and offering important new
insights. Steve Boardman is a Reader in History at the University
of Edinburgh. Susan Foran, currently an independent scholar,
researches chivalry, war and the idea of nation in late medieval
historical writing. Contributors: Steve Boardman, Dauvit Broun,
Michael Brown, Susan Foran, Chris Given-Wilson, Theo van
Heijnsbergen, Rhiannon Purdie, Bioern Tjallen, Diana B. Tyson,
Emily Wingfield.
Exciting fresh perspectives on Edward I as man, king and
administrator. The reign of Edward I was one of the most important
of medieval England, but the king's activities and achievements
have not always received the full attention they deserve. The
essays collected here offer fresh insights into Edward's own
personality as well as developments in law, governance, war and
culture. Edward the man emerges in chapters on his early life, his
piety and his family, while the administrator king is discussed in
evaluations of his twogreat ministers, his handling of the crucial
issue of law and order and the way he managed the realm from abroad
through his correspondence. Edward's nobles, both in England and
Scotland, naturally appear as vital to understanding the reign,
while his rule is set in a British and European context. Overall,
the book aims to move the debate on the reign beyond K.B.
McFarlane's hugely influential judgement that "Edward I preferred
masterfulness to the arts of political management", by highlighting
his skills -- and failings -- as a politician and manager.
The noted Prussian theorist, Carl von Clausewitz wrote about the
concentration of forces in space, and the unification of forces in
time, as though they were two separate entities. Albert Einstein,
however, with the advent of his theories on special and general
relativity, linked space and time into one entity - spacetime.
Given the complexities of the modern battlespace it is necessary
for military commanders and planners to conceive operations using
Einstein's concept of spacetime instead of Clausewitz's discreet
approach. This is important because the perception of an adaptive
enemy's movement is relative to the movement of Marine forces
(e.g., Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF)). Therefore, neither
combatant will agree on their observations of either space or time.
This fact, coupled with the Marine Expeditionary Force's desire to
place him in a position of disadvantage, requires the MEF to act
faster (in decision-making and execution) so that it might generate
more tempo and momentum than its adversary is capable of reacting
to. The Marine Corps defines tempo and momentum as controlling the
rate of actions and interactions within a campaign to maintain the
initiative. "Tempo is relative and not absolute. The focus must be
on ensuring that our the MEF's] tempo is superior to an enemy's."
This author asserts that to determine tempo and momentum, in
relation to one's adversary, the MEF commander must take advantage
of information management (IM). This advantage must take place in
Einstein's spacetime dimension. This dimension is the theoretical
understanding that "space and time...can no longer be thought of as
an inert backdrop on which the events of the universe play
themselves out; rather, through special and then general
relativity, they are intimate players in the events themselves."
The ability to think in this dimension should allow the MEF
commander to continually assess his position, in motion, relative
to a reactive enemy who likewise is in motion. Accordi
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