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For several years, the government of Paraguay has sought to address
the issue of informality, both as a response to poverty reduction
and a means to expand its tax base. While effort has been
undertaken to describe informality, the government lacks the
capacity and perhaps the will to analyze the phenomenon through a
robust empirical lens. Hence, little is known about the informal
economy beyond anecdotes, personal interactions, and description.
This book is the first to comprehensively, rigorously, and
empirically study the determinants of informality in Paraguay. This
book is of vital interest to those studying the Paraguayan economy,
development economics, Latin American economics, and informality.
Advancing U.S. Latino Entrepreneurship examines business formation
and success among Latinos by identifying arrangements that enhance
entrepreneurship and by understanding the sociopolitical contexts
that shape entrepreneurial trajectories. While it is well known
that Latinos make up one of the largest and fastest growing
populations in the U.S., Latino-owned businesses are now outpacing
this population growth and the startup business growth of all other
demographic groups in the country. The institutional arrangements
shaping business formation are no level playing field. Minority
entrepreneurs face racism and sexism, but structural barriers are
not the only obstacles that matter; there are agentic barriers and
coethnics present challenges as well as support to each other. Yet
minorities engage in business formation, and in doing so, change
institutional arrangements by transforming the attitudes of society
and the practices of policymakers. The economic future of the
country is tied to the prospects of Latinos forming and growing
business. The diversity of Latino experience constitutes an
economic resource for those interested in forming businesses that
appeal to native-born citizens and fellow immigrants alike, ranging
from local to national to international markets. This book makes a
substantial contribution to the literature on entrepreneurship and
wealth creation by focusing on Latinos, a population vastly
understudied on these topics, by describing processes and outcomes
for Latino entrepreneurs. Unfairly, the dominant story of
Latinos-especially Mexican Americans-is that of dispossession and
its consequences. Advancing U.S. Latino Entrepreneurship makes
clear the undiminished ambitions of Latinos as well as the
transformative relationships among people, their practices, and the
political context in which they operate. The reality of Latino
entrepreneurs demands new attention and focus.
A classic account of life on the Texas-Mexico border, Batos,
Bolillos, Pochos, and Pelados offers the fullest portrait currently
available of the people of the South Texas/Northern Mexico
borderlands. First published in 1999, the book is now extensively
revised and updated throughout to cover developments since 2000,
including undocumented immigration, the drug wars, race relations,
growing social inequality, and the socioeconomic gap between
Latinos and the rest of American society-issues of vital and
continuing national importance. An outgrowth of the Borderlife
Research Project conducted at the University of Texas Rio Grande
Valley, Batos, Bolillos, Pochos, and Pelados uses the voices of
several hundred Valley residents, collected by embedded student
researchers and backed by the findings of sociological surveys, to
describe the lives of migrant farmworkers, colonia residents,
undocumented domestic servants, maquiladora workers, and Mexican
street children. Likewise, it explores social, racial, and ethnic
relations in South Texas among groups such as Latinos, Mexican
immigrants, wealthy Mexican visitors, Anglo residents or tourists,
and Asian and African American residents of South Texas. With this
firsthand material and an explanatory focus that utilizes and
applies social-science theoretical concepts, the book thoroughly
addresses the future composition and integration of Latinos into
the society and culture of the United States.
Much has been debated about the presence of undocumented workers
along the South Texas border, but these debates often overlook the
more complete dimension: the region's longstanding, undocumented
economies as a whole. Borderlands commerce that evades government
scrutiny can be categorized into informal economies (the unreported
exchange of legal goods and services) or underground economies
(criminal economic activities that, obviously, occur without
government oversight). Examining long-term study, observation, and
participation in the border region, with the assistance of hundreds
of locally embedded informants, The Informal and Underground
Economy of the South Texas Border presents unique insights into the
causes and ramifications of these economic channels. The third
volume in UT-Pan American's Borderlife Project, this eye-opening
investigation draws on vivid ethnographic interviews, bolstered by
decades of supplemental data, to reveal a culture where divided
loyalties, paired with a lack of access to protection under the law
and other forms of state-sponsored recourse, have given rise to
social spectra that often defy stereotypes. A cornerstone of the
authors' findings is that these economic activities increase when
citizens perceive the state's intervention as illegitimate, whether
in the form of fees, taxes, or regulation. From living conditions
in the impoverished colonias to President Felipe Calderon's futile
attempts to eradicate police corruption in Mexico, this book is a
riveting portrait of benefit versus risk in the wake of a
"no-man's-land" legacy.
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