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Particularly intense lightning discharges can produce transient
luminous events above thunderclouds, termed sprites, elves and
jets. These short lived optical emissions in the mesosphere can
reach from the tops of thunderclouds up to the ionosphere; they
provide direct evidence of coupling from the lower atmosphere to
the upper atmosphere. Sprites are arguably the most dramatic recent
discovery in solar-terrestrial physics. Shortly after the first
ground based video recordings of sprites, observations on board the
Space Shuttle detected sprites and elves occurring all around the
world. These reports led to detailed sprite observations in North
America, South America, Australia, Japan, and Europe. Subsequently,
sprites were detected from other space platforms such as the
International Space Station and the ROCSAT satellite. During the
past 15 years, more than 200 contributions on sprites have been
published in the scientific literature to document this rapidly
evolving new research area.
Space is no longer the special, protected domain that it was in the
past. Because of the importance of its practical applications, it
is becoming integrated into the mainstream of economic activity.
Technology push is giving way to the assessment of market
opportunities and demand pull. Funding from the public sector is
declining while interest in private financing is steadily growing.
The value-added and service industries are increasing in
importance. New technologies will be developed in a context of
privatisation, de-regulation and globalization. An international
and interdisciplinary Symposium was organized by the International
Space University to bring together a diverse group of people,
technical and non-technical, engaged in the creation of new
approaches to space applications, in order to share experiences and
to exchange ideas on the way forward. The Proceedings of this
Symposium make stimulating reading for all who are engaged in the
market-place of space and its applications.
G. Haskell, Symposium Programme Committee Chair, Vice President,
Administration and Programme Development, International Space
University e-mail: [email protected] M. Rycroft, Faculty
Member, International Space University e-mail:
[email protected] The theme of the fourth annual symposium
arranged by the International Space University (ISU) was
"International Space Station: The Next Space Marketplace". The
Symposium covered this topic from the uniqu- interdisciplinary,
international and intercultural - perspectives of ISU. It focussed
on significant issues related to policy, innovative management,
commerce, regulation, education and outreach rather than
concentrating on engineering and scientific issues. Although
admirable progress has already been made in defining the
utilisation of the International Space Station (ISS) in its early
operational phases, what does the future hold? What important new
applications will arise? What commercial opportunities may emerge?
And how will the political, legal and financial hurdles be
overcome, not to mention the technical challenges? The aim of the
Symposium was to discuss such questions and draw out new ways of
using the Space Station in the future. Among the 120 attendees were
members of the fourth Master of Space Studies class, young
professionals and postgraduate students who are developing the
Symposium's theme in their Team Project. Their comprehensive
overview of the subject is presented as an Annex here. Their final
report on the Team Project will be completed at the end of July
1999, and published separately.
Recent developments in telecommunications have led to new
developments in tele-services, particularly tele-health and
tele-education, for the benefit of those living in either the
developed world or the less developed world. The benefits accrue to
individuals and also to society at large. An international and
interdisciplinary Symposium was organized by the International
Space University to bring together technical and non-technical
people to consider the future applications of space techniques to
tele-services. The Proceedings of this Symposium are essential
reading for all who need to appreciate the broad range of issues
involved in this developing area.
M. Rycroft, FacultyMember, InternationalSpaceUniversity
e-mail:[email protected] "The Space Transportation Market:
Evolution or Revolution?" was the question which was the focus for
the papers presented, and also the Panel Discussions, at the fifth
annual Symposium organised by the International Space University.
Held in Strasbourg, France, for three lively days at the end of May
2000, the Symposium brought together representatives of the
developers, providers and operators of space transportation
systems, of regulatory bodies, and of users of the space
transportation infrastructure in many fields, as well as experts in
policy and market analysis. From the papers published here, it is
clear that today's answer to the question tends more towards
evolution than to revolution. The space launch industry is still
not a fully mature one, and is still reliant on at least partial
funding by governments. Better cooperation is essential between
governments, launch providers, satellite builders and satellite
operators in order to reduce the problems which the space
transportation market faces today.
Y. Fujimori, Symposium Programme Committee Chair, and Faculty
Member, International Space University e-mail: fujimori@isu.
isunet. edu M. Rycroft, Faculty Member, International Space
University e-mail: rycroft@isu. isunet. edu Building on the
foundations provided by the International Space Station, now
partially constructed and already in use in low Earth orbit, what
will be the future directions of human spaceflight? This was the
key question discussed from many viewpoints - technical,
entrepreneurial, governmental, legal - at the seventh Annual
Symposium held in Strasbourg, France, early in June 2002. Many
ideas on the "whys" and the "hows" of our future exploration of the
final frontier were put forward in a stimulating environment. The
unique perspective of the International Space University (ISU) -
namely an interdisciplinary, international and intercultural
perspective - enhanced both the presentations and the discussions.
More than 150 people attended the Symposium, including the current
members of the Master of Space Studies class who are attending an
11 month course at ISU. They are young professionals and
postgraduate students who develop in-depth some part of the broad
Symposium theme in their parallel Team Projects. Their final
reports will be completed at the end of July 2002, and will be
published independently. 1 Beyond the ISS: The Future of Human
Spaceflight Keynote Address: A Summary The Need for a New Vision E.
Vallerani, Advanced Logistic Technology Engineering Center, The
Italian Gateway to the ISS, Corso Marche 79, Torino 10146, Italy
e-mail: vallerani. ernesto@spacegate-altec.
Y. Fujimori, Symposium Programme Committee Chair, and Faculty
Member, International Space University e-mail:
[email protected] M.Rycroft, Faculty Member, International
Space University e-mail: [email protected] N. Crosby,
International Space University e-mail:
[email protected] For the sixth annual ISU
Symposium the theme was "Smaller Satellites: Bigger Business?
Concepts, Applications and Markets for Micro/Nanosatellites in a
New Information World." Thus, the Symposium addressed the crucial
question: are small satellites the saviour of space programmes
around the world It did this from the unique perspective of the
International Space today? University - the interdisciplinary,
international and intercultural perspective. This Symposium brought
together a variety of people working on small satellites -
engineers, scientists, planners, providers, operators, policy
makers and business executives, together with representatives from
regulatory bodies, from national and international organizations,
and from the finance sector, and also entrepreneurs. Discussion and
debate were encouraged, based on the papers presented and those
published here.
T. Ito, International Space University, Strasbourg Central Campus,
1 Rue Jean Dominique Cassini, Parc d'Innovation, 67400
lllkirch-Graffenstaden, France e-mail: ito@isu. isunet. edu M. J.
Rycroft, CAESAR Consultancy, 35 Millington Road, Cambridge CB3 9HW,
UK e-mail: Michael. J. Rycroft (R)ukgateway. net As Symposium
Committee Chair for the 2003 International Space University (ISU)
Symposium, and Editor of this Proceedings volume, respectively, we
write this introduction. The success of previous ISU symposia
suggests that the ISU has developed a unique and winning formula
for a novel type of symposium. The characteristics of ISU symposia
are that they: * Adopt a broad, and interdisciplinary, perspective
* Address all aspects of the subject, ranging from policy,
business, organisational, and legal issues to technical and
scientific topics * Foster a constructive dialogue among very
different sectors of the space community, and * Allow ample time
for interactive discussions. The present Symposium is no exception.
It considers the very timely topic of space-based systems for
global positioning and navigation, ranging from the GPS system
developed by the US military to the Russian GLONASS system, and on
to the future European Galileo system. Other nations are planning
regional augmentation systems.
Particularly intense lightning discharges can produce transient
luminous events above thunderclouds, termed sprites, elves and
jets. These short lived optical emissions in the mesosphere can
reach from the tops of thunderclouds up to the ionosphere; they
provide direct evidence of coupling from the lower atmosphere to
the upper atmosphere. Sprites are arguably the most dramatic recent
discovery in solar-terrestrial physics. Shortly after the first
ground based video recordings of sprites, observations on board the
Space Shuttle detected sprites and elves occurring all around the
world. These reports led to detailed sprite observations in North
America, South America, Australia, Japan, and Europe. Subsequently,
sprites were detected from other space platforms such as the
International Space Station and the ROCSAT satellite. During the
past 15 years, more than 200 contributions on sprites have been
published in the scientific literature to document this rapidly
evolving new research area.
Particularly intense lightning discharges can produce transient
luminous events above thunderclouds, termed sprites, elves and
jets. These short lived optical emissions in the mesosphere can
reach from the tops of thunderclouds up to the ionosphere; they
provide direct evidence of coupling from the lower atmosphere to
the upper atmosphere. Sprites are arguably the most dramatic recent
discovery in solar-terrestrial physics. Shortly after the first
ground based video recordings of sprites, observations on board the
Space Shuttle detected sprites and elves occurring all around the
world. These reports led to detailed sprite observations in North
America, South America, Australia, Japan, and Europe. Subsequently,
sprites were detected from other space platforms such as the
International Space Station and the ROCSAT satellite. During the
past 15 years, more than 200 contributions on sprites have been
published in the scientific literature to document this rapidly
evolving new research area. The need for international information
exchange was quickly recognized, and sprite sessions became a
permanent feature with a constantly growing number of contributions
in the scientific communities of the American Geophysical Union
(AGU), the International Union of Radio Science (URSI), the
International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) and
the European Geosciences Union EGU).
T. Ito, International Space University, Strasbourg Central Campus,
1 Rue Jean Dominique Cassini, Parc d'Innovation, 67400
lllkirch-Graffenstaden, France e-mail: ito@isu. isunet. edu M. J.
Rycroft, CAESAR Consultancy, 35 Millington Road, Cambridge CB3 9HW,
UK e-mail: Michael. J. Rycroft (R)ukgateway. net As Symposium
Committee Chair for the 2003 International Space University (ISU)
Symposium, and Editor of this Proceedings volume, respectively, we
write this introduction. The success of previous ISU symposia
suggests that the ISU has developed a unique and winning formula
for a novel type of symposium. The characteristics of ISU symposia
are that they: * Adopt a broad, and interdisciplinary, perspective
* Address all aspects of the subject, ranging from policy,
business, organisational, and legal issues to technical and
scientific topics * Foster a constructive dialogue among very
different sectors of the space community, and * Allow ample time
for interactive discussions. The present Symposium is no exception.
It considers the very timely topic of space-based systems for
global positioning and navigation, ranging from the GPS system
developed by the US military to the Russian GLONASS system, and on
to the future European Galileo system. Other nations are planning
regional augmentation systems.
Y. Fujimori, Symposium Programme Committee Chair, and Faculty
Member, International Space University e-mail: fujimori@isu.
isunet. edu M. Rycroft, Faculty Member, International Space
University e-mail: rycroft@isu. isunet. edu Building on the
foundations provided by the International Space Station, now
partially constructed and already in use in low Earth orbit, what
will be the future directions of human spaceflight? This was the
key question discussed from many viewpoints - technical,
entrepreneurial, governmental, legal - at the seventh Annual
Symposium held in Strasbourg, France, early in June 2002. Many
ideas on the "whys" and the "hows" of our future exploration of the
final frontier were put forward in a stimulating environment. The
unique perspective of the International Space University (ISU) -
namely an interdisciplinary, international and intercultural
perspective - enhanced both the presentations and the discussions.
More than 150 people attended the Symposium, including the current
members of the Master of Space Studies class who are attending an
11 month course at ISU. They are young professionals and
postgraduate students who develop in-depth some part of the broad
Symposium theme in their parallel Team Projects. Their final
reports will be completed at the end of July 2002, and will be
published independently. 1 Beyond the ISS: The Future of Human
Spaceflight Keynote Address: A Summary The Need for a New Vision E.
Vallerani, Advanced Logistic Technology Engineering Center, The
Italian Gateway to the ISS, Corso Marche 79, Torino 10146, Italy
e-mail: vallerani. ernesto@spacegate-altec.
M. Rycroft, FacultyMember, InternationalSpaceUniversity e-mail:
[email protected] "The Space Transportation Market: Evolution
or Revolution?" was the question which was the focus for the papers
presented, and also the Panel Discussions, at the fifth annual
Symposium organised by the International Space University. Held in
Strasbourg, France, for three lively days at the end of May 2000,
the Symposium brought together representatives of the developers,
providers and operators of space transportation systems, of
regulatory bodies, and of users of the space transportation
infrastructure in many fields, as well as experts in policy and
market analysis. From the papers published here, it is clear that
today's answer to the question tends more towards evolution than to
revolution. The space launch industry is still not a fully mature
one, and is still reliant on at least partial funding by
governments. Better cooperation is essential between governments,
launch providers, satellite builders and satellite operators in
order to reduce the problems which the space transportation market
faces today.
Recent developments in telecommunications have led to new
developments in tele-services, particularly tele-health and
tele-education, for the benefit of those living in either the
developed world or the less developed world. The benefits accrue to
individuals and also to society at large. An international and
interdisciplinary Symposium was organized by the International
Space University to bring together technical and non-technical
people to consider the future applications of space techniques to
tele-services. The Proceedings of this Symposium are essential
reading for all who need to appreciate the broad range of issues
involved in this developing area.
Space is no longer the special, protected domain that it was in the
past. Because of the importance of its practical applications, it
is becoming integrated into the mainstream of economic activity.
Technology push is giving way to the assessment of market
opportunities and demand pull. Funding from the public sector is
declining while interest in private financing is steadily growing.
The value-added and service industries are increasing in
importance. New technologies will be developed in a context of
privatisation, de-regulation and globalization. An international
and interdisciplinary Symposium was organized by the International
Space University to bring together a diverse group of people,
technical and non-technical, engaged in the creation of new
approaches to space applications, in order to share experiences and
to exchange ideas on the way forward. The Proceedings of this
Symposium make stimulating reading for all who are engaged in the
market-place of space and its applications.
G. Haskell, Symposium Convenor & Vice President for Academic
Services and Outreach, International Space University By taking
"Space of Service to Humanity" as the theme for the inaugural event
in its series of annual symposia, the International Space
University (ISU) is asserting that this application of space
technology requires special attention at this time. Future symposia
will examine the issues of the day from different perspectives. In
keeping with the fundamental principles of ISU, the symposium took
a global perspective, as distinct from national or regional
perspectives, and treated both technical and non-technical topics.
Oral and poster presentations were delivered in the scientific,
engineering, economic, legal, political and philosophical domains.
All oral papers were delivered in plenary session to encourage
cross fertilization between specialities, and posters were readily
available for viewing throughout the three-day event. As an
international and interdisciplinary forum for the sharing of
experience and for discussion and debate, the symposium proved to
be a stimulating and worthwhile event for the 135 participants from
25 countries and 5 international organizations with backgrounds in
industry, government and academia."
Y. Fujimori, Symposium Programme Committee Chair, and Faculty
Member, International Space University e-mail:
[email protected] M.Rycroft, Faculty Member, International
Space University e-mail: [email protected] N. Crosby,
International Space University e-mail:
[email protected] For the sixth annual ISU
Symposium the theme was "Smaller Satellites: Bigger Business?
Concepts, Applications and Markets for Micro/Nanosatellites in a
New Information World." Thus, the Symposium addressed the crucial
question: are small satellites the saviour of space programmes
around the world It did this from the unique perspective of the
International Space today? University - the interdisciplinary,
international and intercultural perspective. This Symposium brought
together a variety of people working on small satellites -
engineers, scientists, planners, providers, operators, policy
makers and business executives, together with representatives from
regulatory bodies, from national and international organizations,
and from the finance sector, and also entrepreneurs. Discussion and
debate were encouraged, based on the papers presented and those
published here.
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