This book describes repository solutions for all types of radioactive waste and residues in different geotechnical repository structures. The focus is initially on existing or planned final disposal sites in Germany and the process of finding sites. However, international comparisons are drawn, especially to locations in the US. This affects both the repository structures and the legal requirements. The radioactive substances considered include residues from uranium ore processing, as well as low and intermediate level radioactive waste up to heat generating, high level radioactive wastes, such as spent fuel and vitrified waste from reprocessing. In order to evaluate the repository structures and their inventories, a dimensionless radiotoxicity index Ai / Fi [activity of radionuclide quantity (Ai) related to the exemption limit of radionuclide (Fi)] has been introduced. This gives the reader a well-founded overview of the degree of inconsistency in the handling of safety requirements for the respective geotechnical environmental structures. This creates the necessary transparency on this issue, which has not been previously available and is required by stakeholders today. The long-term security, the duration of the observation period and the certainty of the safety prognosis are also discussed in the book as well as the participation of subsequent generations in current and possible future repositories. This is vital as nuclear energy will continue to be used worldwide in the long term. The international repository projects presented have all been subjected to the same evaluation criteria. This applies both to existing operational project as well as those about to be commissioned and the processes for seeking locations. Special attention has been paid to monitoring, both operational and long-term monitoring. This broad range of topics makes this book a very valuable read for both the interested public and the professional world.

This book describes repository solutions for all types of radioactive waste and residues in different geotechnical repository structures. The focus is initially on existing or planned final disposal sites in Germany and the process of finding sites. However, international comparisons are drawn, especially to locations in the US. This affects both the repository structures and the legal requirements. The radioactive substances considered include residues from uranium ore processing, as well as low and intermediate level radioactive waste up to heat generating, high level radioactive wastes, such as spent fuel and vitrified waste from reprocessing. In order to evaluate the repository structures and their inventories, a dimensionless radiotoxicity index Ai / Fi [activity of radionuclide quantity (Ai) related to the exemption limit of radionuclide (Fi)] has been introduced. This gives the reader a well-founded overview of the degree of inconsistency in the handling of safety requirements for the respective geotechnical environmental structures. This creates the necessary transparency on this issue, which has not been previously available and is required by stakeholders today. The long-term security, the duration of the observation period and the certainty of the safety prognosis are also discussed in the book as well as the participation of subsequent generations in current and possible future repositories. This is vital as nuclear energy will continue to be used worldwide in the long term. The international repository projects presented have all been subjected to the same evaluation criteria. This applies both to existing operational project as well as those about to be commissioned and the processes for seeking locations. Special attention has been paid to monitoring, both operational and long-term monitoring. This broad range of topics makes this book a very valuable read for both the interested public and the professional world.

Dieses Buch stellt alle Arten radioaktiver Abfalle und Ruckstande gemass der Klassifikation der IAEA vor, wie z.B. hochradioaktive Abfalle, Ruckstande aus der Uranerzaufbereitung der SDAG Wismut, die Abfalle der Asse etc. Mit radiotoxischem Material assoziieren die meisten Menschen Gefahr fur sich und die Umwelt, welche Abwehrmassnahmen konkret getroffen werden wissen sie aber nicht. So wurden Multi-Barrieren- Endlagersysteme entwickelt, welche die eingelagerten Radionuklide zuruckhalten und/oder Wegsamkeiten minimieren, so dass eine Ausbreitung in die Biosphare massiv erschwert wird und auftretende Expositionen in den Zulassigkeitsgrenzen bleiben. Inventarangaben und ein Radiotoxizitatsindex im Buch erlauben dem Leser die Langzeitsicherheit nationaler und internationaler Endlagerbauwerke abzuschatzen und die jeweiligen Gefahrenlagen und die daraus resultierende technische und soziale Umweltuberwachung nachzuvollziehen. Wie ist ein Langzeitsicherheitsnachweis aufgebaut, welchen Einfluss hat der Nachweiszeitraum. Nachfolgende Generationen mussen Gefahrenzustande aus bestehenden Endlagerbauwerken abwehren koennen. Auf welche Erfahrungen und Ergebnisse der heutigen Generation dabei zuruckgegriffen werden kann, ist in diesem Buch dargelegt.