|
Showing 1 - 25 of
76 matches in All Departments
It is through images that we understand the form and function of
material objects, from the fundamental particles that are the
constituents of matter to galaxies that are the constituents of the
Universe. Imaging must be thought of in a flexible way as varying
from just the detection of objects -- a blip on a screen
representing an aircraft or a vapour trail representing the passage
of an exotic particle -- to displaying the fine detail in the eye
of an insect or the arrangement of atoms within or on the surface
of a solid. The range of imaging tools, both in the type of wave
phenomena used and in the devices that utilize them, is vast. This
book will illustrate this range, with wave phenomena covering the
entire electromagnetic spectrum and ultrasound, and devices that
vary from those that just detect the presence of objects to those
that image objects in exquisite detail. The word fundamentals' in
the title has meaning for this book. There will be no attempt to
delve into the fine technical details of the construction of
specific devices but rather the book aims to give an understanding
of the principles behind the imaging process and a general account
of how those principles are utilized.
'Each chapter ends with up to six student problems. There is full
set of worked answers at the end of the book but modern students
might not be enlightened by the samples of Fortran code, probably
meant to illustrate how realistic calculations might be
made.'Contemporary PhysicsOn a clear and moonless night, especially
in remote areas such as deserts, myriads of points of light cover
the sky. The great majority of them are stars, many like the Sun,
but so far away that they can only be seen as point sources of
light. The problem faced by astronomers is to find their properties
and distances, just from the light they emit. This is done by using
the knowledge of science, mainly physics, acquired from small-scale
experiments carried out on Earth. However, the stars themselves are
laboratories in which matter behaves in ways that cannot be
reproduced on Earth so, in finding out about stars, we complement
scientific knowledge gained from earthbound experimentation.This
book describes the means - some very ingenious - by which to
explore the properties, locations and planetary companions of
stars, and provides a sound foundation for further study.
Two models for the origin of the Solar System, the Nebula Theory
and the Capture Theory, are discussed by protagonists, Simon and
Steven respectively, in the presence of Solomon, who oversees the
discussions. Modelled on Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two
Chief World Systems, this book provides new insight into different
theories of cosmogony.The Nebula Theory, at present the standard
model of planet formation, proposes that a star and planets are
derived from a single spinning nebula. Woolfson here introduces an
alternative, the Capture Theory, in which planets are produced from
a protostar tidally disrupted by a condensed star which 'captures'
most of the formed planets into orbits. These complex ideas are
simplified and presented in an easily understandable, accessible
way for all students of physics, astronomy, cosmology and those
interested in the beginning of our world as we know it.
Colour makes our lives more interesting - how dull it would be in a
black-and-white world! It pleases us aesthetically, entertains us
and is useful to us. This unique book aims to describe the
scientific nature of colour and light, and how we see it, in an
accessible and easily understandable style. The evolution of the
eye, science of colour and technical visual systems are all broken
down into readable chapters, with clear images and illustrations
provided for reference. The book then goes on to discuss the innate
tendency of humankind to produce artistic works as conceived,
realised and augmented through the use of colour. Focussing on
broad forms of artistic entertainment - painting with pigments and
dyes, colour and light in photography and cinematography, light
displays and colour in television - this book then delivers a
comprehensive review of what colour means and has meant in the
creative arts.
Time and Age explores how time is defined by man. It follows the
development of our means for measuring time from early methods
using the flow of water or the steady burning of candles through to
the atomic clock that records time with incredible precision.The
classical idea of time as something that progresses at a uniform
rate and as something that is the same to all observers was
overturned by Einstein's Theory of Relativity. The conclusions
coming from this theory are described, including the anti-intuitive
twin paradox where one twin, returning from a journey to a distant
star, is younger than his twin brother.Also covered is how age can
be determined in a wide range of situations, such as how we work
out the age of the Universe to how we calculate the age of
artefacts that are just a few centuries old.
Time and Age explores how time is defined by man. It follows the
development of our means for measuring time from early methods
using the flow of water or the steady burning of candles through to
the atomic clock that records time with incredible precision.The
classical idea of time as something that progresses at a uniform
rate and as something that is the same to all observers was
overturned by Einstein's Theory of Relativity. The conclusions
coming from this theory are described, including the anti-intuitive
twin paradox where one twin, returning from a journey to a distant
star, is younger than his twin brother.Also covered is how age can
be determined in a wide range of situations, such as how we work
out the age of the Universe to how we calculate the age of
artefacts that are just a few centuries old.
This book explores a large number of resonance effects that occur
both in everyday life and in scientific contexts. It is a topic
that provides a cross-link between many branches of science and
shows how a single scientific principle can manifest itself in
many, apparently disparate, ways.Resonance covers fields as diverse
as civil engineering in relation to the safety of bridges, the
quality of sound from musical instruments, the behaviour of
electrical circuits, lasers, the orbits of solar-system bodies, the
scattering of X-rays from atoms and the exploration of the
structures of molecules, atoms and nuclei.The essential mathematics
included should be accessible to any science undergraduate, no
matter the discipline of their study. Problems and solutions are
provided for every chapter to help reinforce understanding of the
material.
This book explores a large number of resonance effects that occur
both in everyday life and in scientific contexts. It is a topic
that provides a cross-link between many branches of science and
shows how a single scientific principle can manifest itself in
many, apparently disparate, ways.Resonance covers fields as diverse
as civil engineering in relation to the safety of bridges, the
quality of sound from musical instruments, the behaviour of
electrical circuits, lasers, the orbits of solar-system bodies, the
scattering of X-rays from atoms and the exploration of the
structures of molecules, atoms and nuclei.The essential mathematics
included should be accessible to any science undergraduate, no
matter the discipline of their study. Problems and solutions are
provided for every chapter to help reinforce understanding of the
material.
This fully-updated second edition remains the only truly detailed
exploration of the origins of our Solar System, written by an
authority in the field. Unlike other authors, Michael Woolfson
focuses on the formation of the solar system, engaging the reader
in an intelligent yet accessible discussion of the development of
ideas about how the Solar System formed from ancient times to the
present.Within the last five decades new observations and new
theoretical advances have transformed the way scientists think
about the problem of finding a plausible theory. Spacecraft and
landers have explored the planets of the Solar System, observations
have been made of Solar-System bodies outside the region of the
planets and planets have been detected and observed around many
solar-type stars. This new edition brings in the most recent
discoveries, including the establishment of dwarf planets and
challenges to the 'standard model' of planet formation - the Solar
Nebula Theory.While presenting the most up-to-date material and the
underlying science of the theories described, the book avoids
technical jargon and terminology. It thus remains a digestible read
for the non-expert interested reader, whilst being detailed and
comprehensive enough to be used as an undergraduate physics and
astronomy textbook, where the formation of the solar system is a
key part of the course.Michael Woolfson is Emeritus Professor of
Theoretical Physics at University of York and is an award-winning
crystallographer and astronomer.
This fully-updated second edition remains the only truly detailed
exploration of the origins of our Solar System, written by an
authority in the field. Unlike other authors, Michael Woolfson
focuses on the formation of the solar system, engaging the reader
in an intelligent yet accessible discussion of the development of
ideas about how the Solar System formed from ancient times to the
present.Within the last five decades new observations and new
theoretical advances have transformed the way scientists think
about the problem of finding a plausible theory. Spacecraft and
landers have explored the planets of the Solar System, observations
have been made of Solar-System bodies outside the region of the
planets and planets have been detected and observed around many
solar-type stars. This new edition brings in the most recent
discoveries, including the establishment of dwarf planets and
challenges to the 'standard model' of planet formation - the Solar
Nebula Theory.While presenting the most up-to-date material and the
underlying science of the theories described, the book avoids
technical jargon and terminology. It thus remains a digestible read
for the non-expert interested reader, whilst being detailed and
comprehensive enough to be used as an undergraduate physics and
astronomy textbook, where the formation of the solar system is a
key part of the course.Michael Woolfson is Emeritus Professor of
Theoretical Physics at University of York and is an award-winning
crystallographer and astronomer.
Music Education: Source Readings from Ancient Greece to Today is
a collection of thematically organized essays that illuminate the
importance of music education to individuals, communities and
nations. The fourth edition has been expanded to address the
significant societal changes that have occurred since the
publication of the last edition, with a greater focus on current
readings in government, philosophy, psychology, curriculum,
sociology, and advocacy. This comprehensive text remains an
essential reference for music educators today, demonstrating the
value and support of their profession in the societies in which
they live.
The three greatest scientific mysteries, which remain poorly
understood, are the origin of the universe, the origin of life and
the development of consciousness. This book describes the processes
preceding the Big Bang, the creation of matter, the concentration
of that matter into stars and planets, the development of simple
life forms and the theory of evolution that has given higher life
forms, including mankind.There are many popular and excellent
science books that present various aspects of science. However,
this book follows a narrow scientific pathway from the Big Bang to
mankind, and depicts the causal relationship between each step and
the next. The science covered will be enough to satisfy most
readers. Many important areas of science are dealt with, and these
include cosmology, particle physics, atomic physics, galaxy and
star formation, planet formation and aspects of evolution. The
necessary science is described in a narrative form that
general-interest readers should understand, without the use of
equations or formulae.This 2nd edition includes several updates on
the subjects that form the pillars of this book. They are:
cosmology and astronomy, the features and formation of the solar
system, the origin of life, and genetics and evolution. This book
will appeal to readers with an interest in biology and those
curious about the origins of the universe.
The three greatest scientific mysteries, which remain poorly
understood, are the origin of the universe, the origin of life and
the development of consciousness. This book describes the processes
preceding the Big Bang, the creation of matter, the concentration
of that matter into stars and planets, the development of simple
life forms and the theory of evolution that has given higher life
forms, including mankind.There are many popular and excellent
science books that present various aspects of science. However,
this book follows a narrow scientific pathway from the Big Bang to
mankind, and depicts the causal relationship between each step and
the next. The science covered will be enough to satisfy most
readers. Many important areas of science are dealt with, and these
include cosmology, particle physics, atomic physics, galaxy and
star formation, planet formation and aspects of evolution. The
necessary science is described in a narrative form that
general-interest readers should understand, without the use of
equations or formulae.This 2nd edition includes several updates on
the subjects that form the pillars of this book. They are:
cosmology and astronomy, the features and formation of the solar
system, the origin of life, and genetics and evolution. This book
will appeal to readers with an interest in biology and those
curious about the origins of the universe.
Probability and statistics impinge on the life of the average
person in a variety of ways - as is suggested by the title of this
book. Very often information is provided that is factually accurate
but intended to give a biased view. This book presents the
important results of probability and statistics without making
heavy mathematical demands on the reader. It should enable an
intelligent reader to properly assess statistical information and
to understand that the same information can be presented in
different ways.In this second edition the author presents a new
chapter exploring science and society including the way that
scientists communicate with the public on current topics, such as
global warming. The book also investigates pensions and pension
policy, and how they are influenced by changing actuarial tables.
Probability and statistics impinge on the life of the average
person in a variety of ways - as is suggested by the title of this
book. Very often information is provided that is factually accurate
but intended to give a biased view. This book presents the
important results of probability and statistics without making
heavy mathematical demands on the reader. It should enable an
intelligent reader to properly assess statistical information and
to understand that the same information can be presented in
different ways.In this second edition the author presents a new
chapter exploring science and society including the way that
scientists communicate with the public on current topics, such as
global warming. The book also investigates pensions and pension
policy, and how they are influenced by changing actuarial tables.
It is through images that we understand the form and function of
material objects, from the fundamental particles that are the
constituents of matter to galaxies that are the constituents of the
Universe. Imaging must be thought of in a flexible way as varying
from just the detection of objects -- a blip on a screen
representing an aircraft or a vapour trail representing the passage
of an exotic particle -- to displaying the fine detail in the eye
of an insect or the arrangement of atoms within or on the surface
of a solid. The range of imaging tools, both in the type of wave
phenomena used and in the devices that utilize them, is vast. This
book will illustrate this range, with wave phenomena covering the
entire electromagnetic spectrum and ultrasound, and devices that
vary from those that just detect the presence of objects to those
that image objects in exquisite detail. The word fundamentals' in
the title has meaning for this book. There will be no attempt to
delve into the fine technical details of the construction of
specific devices but rather the book aims to give an understanding
of the principles behind the imaging process and a general account
of how those principles are utilized.
The book begins with a historical review of four major theories for
the origin of the Solar System in particular, or of planets in
general, which highlight the major problems that need to be solved
by any plausible theory. In many theories, including that which
form the major theme of this book, the formation of planets and
stars is intimately linked, so four chapters are devoted to the
processes that can be described as the birth, life and death of
stars.Recent observations that have revealed the existence of
planets around many Sun-like stars are described in detail,
followed by a clear exposition of the Capture Theory for the origin
of planets. Many aspects of this theory are illustrated with
sophisticated computer modelling that convincingly demonstrates the
plausibility of the theory. The Capture Theory is in complete
accord with all observations, including the estimate it gives for
the proportion of Sun-like stars with planets. It is the only
theory that sits comfortably with all present observational and
theoretical constraints.The general theory of planet formation does
not explain the detailed structure of the Solar System. An early
postulated collision of two major planets is shown to explain many
disparate features of the Solar System - the nature of the
terrestrial planets, surface features of the Moon and its
relationship with Earth, asteroids, comets and dwarf planets, the
relationship between Neptune, Triton and Pluto and the
characteristics of meteorites, including the isotopic anomalies
found in them. The postulate of a planetary collision is given
support by a 2009 NASA observation of the residue of such an event
around a distant young star.
The book begins with a historical review of four major theories for
the origin of the Solar System in particular, or of planets in
general, which highlight the major problems that need to be solved
by any plausible theory. In many theories, including that which
form the major theme of this book, the formation of planets and
stars is intimately linked, so four chapters are devoted to the
processes that can be described as the birth, life and death of
stars. Recent observations that have revealed the existence of
planets around many Sun-like stars are described in detail,
followed by a clear exposition of the Capture Theory for the origin
of planets. Many aspects of this theory are illustrated with
sophisticated computer modelling that convincingly demonstrates the
plausibility of the theory. The Capture Theory is in complete
accord with all observations, including the estimate it gives for
the proportion of Sun-like stars with planets. It is the only
theory that sits comfortably with all present observational and
theoretical constraints. The general theory of planet formation
does not explain the detailed structure of the Solar System. An
early postulated collision of two major planets is shown to explain
many disparate features of the Solar System - the nature of the
terrestrial planets, surface features of the Moon and its
relationship with Earth, asteroids, comets and dwarf planets, the
relationship between Neptune, Triton and Pluto and the
characteristics of meteorites, including the isotopic anomalies
found in them. The postulate of a planetary collision is given
support by a 2009 NASA observation of the residue of such an event
around a distant young star.
This book traces the history of ideas about the nature of matter
and also the way that mankind has used material resources that the
world offers. Starting with the ideas of ancient civilizations that
air, earth, fire and water were the basic ingredients of all
matter, it traces the development of the science of chemistry
beginning within the ranks of the alchemists. First, the idea of
elements grew and then the atomic nature of matter was verified.
Physicists had entered the scene, showing the nature of atoms in
terms of fundamental particles and then introducing the concept of
wave-particle duality that altered the basic concepts of what
matter was. Finally the physicists discovered a panoply of
fundamental particles, some observed within atom-smashing machines
and the existence of others merely postulated. In parallel with the
above there is a description of various kinds of matter as it
affects everyday life, including the nature of matter associated
with life itself. The way that early man used the materials
directly given by nature, such as stone, wood and animal skins, is
followed by the use of materials requiring some process to be
employed, e.g. metals which include bronze and also concrete. Some
important modern materials are discussed, such as synthetic fibres
and plastics and semiconductors, and potentially important future
products from new developments in nanotechnology.
This book traces the history of ideas about the nature of matter
and also the way that mankind has used material resources that the
world offers. Starting with the ideas of ancient civilizations that
air, earth, fire and water were the basic ingredients of all
matter, it traces the development of the science of chemistry
beginning within the ranks of the alchemists. First, the idea of
elements grew and then the atomic nature of matter was verified.
Physicists had entered the scene, showing the nature of atoms in
terms of fundamental particles and then introducing the concept of
wave-particle duality that altered the basic concepts of what
matter was. Finally the physicists discovered a panoply of
fundamental particles, some observed within atom-smashing machines
and the existence of others merely postulated. In parallel with the
above there is a description of various kinds of matter as it
affects everyday life including the nature of matter associated
with life itself. The way that early man used the materials
directly given by nature, such as stone, wood and animal skins, is
followed by the use of materials requiring some process to be
employed, e.g. metals which include bronze and also concrete. Some
important modern materials are discussed, such as synthetic fibres
and plastics and semiconductors, and potentially important future
products from new developments in nanotechnology.
Consider the status of music education as you read Music Education
at a Crossroads, a collection of addresses from the Centennial
Congress of MENC: The National Association for Music Education.
Noted leaders in music education including Paul Lehman, Bennett
Reimer, Samuel Hope, and Michael Mark joined Brenda Welburn and
Anne Bryant in addressing the challenges and opportunities faced by
music educators today. The Centennial Congress renewed a shared
professional commitment to a comprehensive music education for all
students and discussed the impediments to the vision of the
Centennial Declaration: "It is the right of every child to receive
a balanced, comprehensive, sequential music education taught by
qualified music teachers."
Most well-read, but non-scientific, people will have heard of the
term "Big Bang" as a description of the origin of the Universe.
They will recognize that DNA identifies individuals and will know
that the origin of life is one of the great unsolved scientific
mysteries. This book brings together all of that material. Starting
with the creation of space and time - known as the Big Bang - the
book traces causally related steps through the formation of matter,
of stars and planets, the Earth itself, the evolution of the
Earth's surface and atmosphere, and then through to the beginnings
of life and the evolution of man. The material is presented in such
a way that a non-scientist can comprehend it, without using
formulae or equations but still preserving the integrity of the
involved science. This book does not solve the mysteries of what
initiated the Big Bang or how life evolved from inanimate matter,
but it does make clear the nature of those problems. The reader
will be left with a sense of wonderment that he or she actually
exists!
|
|