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This volume is the latest of the "Kirchberg-Proceedings". The
previous 11 International Winterschools on Electronic Properties of
Novel Materials, all held in Kirchberg, Austria, were devoted to
conducting polymers, high temperature superconductors, fullerenes,
and carbon nanotubes. Fullerenes and nanotubes are still in the
center of interest, but the topic of the school and the proceedings
is molecular nanostructures in general. The organizers have
attempted to treat carbon nanostructures as a special case of
molecular nanostructures, which also include silicon clusters, gold
clusters, vanadium oxide tubes, and many others. The Winterschool
provides a platform for reviewing and discussing new developments
in the field of molecular nanostructures and their applications.
Materials discussed include fullerenes, fullerene-derived
structures, carbonaceous nanotubes, non-carbonaceous nanotubes,
layer by layer systems, molecular clusters, new phases of carbon,
endohedral compounds and related materials. The book aims to give
an overview of the current status of fullerenes, carbon-nanotubes
and related molecular nanostructures. The majority of the
contributions present the latest results of experiments and
calculations conducted in the field. However, about a dozen contain
some degree of instructional material which even newcomers will
benefit from.
Twin polymerization is a novel approach where two distinct polymers
are produced from a single source monomer, thus being an excellent
tool for the synthesis of hybrid materials. The author introduces
the principles of various twin polymerization processes, their
classification and practical use. The book is supplied with
numerous individual examples, demonstrating the potential of this
strategy in materials synthesis.
The International Winter School on Electronic Properties of
Conjugated Polymers held March 14-21,1987, in Kirchberg (Austria)
was a sequel to a meeting held in Kirchberg two years before on a
similar subject. The 1987 winter school was organized in
cooperation with the "Bundesministerium fiir Wissenschaft und
Forschung" in Austria and the "Bundesministerium fiir Forschung und
Technologie" in the Federal Republic of Germany. The basic idea of
the meeting was to provide an opportunity for experienced
scientists from universities and industry to discuss their most
recent re- sults and for students and young scientists to inform
themselves about the present state of the research in this field.
As in 1985, the scientific interest was concentrated on the
electronic structure of various conjugated polymers and related
compounds. The focus of interest in the field now appears to have
broadened and cov- ers not only conductivity and relaxation
phenomena of polyacetylene but also nonlinear optical properties,
highly oriented and single-crystal poly- mers, and electrochemical
and opto-electrochemical properties of special materials such as
polypyrrole and polyaniline. Exciting results on conduc- tivity -
the mass specific conductivity (i.e., the conductivity divided by
the density) of polyacetylene is more than twice that of copper (!)
- and a detailed interpretation of the meaning of conjugation
length are reported.
Electronic Properties of Fullerenes and other Novel Materials gives
an overview of the state-of-the-art research. It presents most
recent results on preparation, experimental analysis by electron
spectroscopy, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, luminescence, and
nonlinear optical, as well as possible technological applications.
Emphasis is also placed on the superconducting properties of
Fullerenes. The introductory and advanced contributions provide a
good survey of the current status of this rapidly developing field.
The International Winter School on Electronic Properties of
Polymers and Re- lated Compounds, held March 11-18, 1989, in
Kirchberg (Austria), was a sequel to two meetings on similar
subjects held there two and four years be- fore. The 1989 winter
school was again organized in cooperation with the
"Bundesministerium flir Wissenschaft und Forschung" in Austria, and
with the "Bundesministerium fUr Forschung und Technologie" in the
Federal Republic of Germany. The basic idea of the meeting was to
provide an opportunity for experienced scientists from universities
and industry to discuss their most recent results and for students
and young scientists to become familiar with the present status of
research and applications in the field. Like the previous winter
schools, this one concentrated on the electronic structure and
application potentialities of polymers. A purely tutorial contribu-
tion on high-temperature supercondutors was included. Special
attention was paid this time to our present theoretical
understanding of the electronic struc- ture of polymers in general,
the role of disorder and the nature of the doping process in
particular. Accordingly, two discussion meetings were held on the
stability of quasiparticles in conjugated polymers and on the
thermochromic phase transition in alkylated thiophenes. As a
general result, disorder and con- jugation length were recognized
as fundamental properties, not only for the stability of the
quasiparticles but also for linear and nonlinear optics, transport,
phototransport, magnetic properties, lattice dynamics, etc.
The International Winter School on Electronic Properties of
High-Temperature Superconductors, held between March 7-14, 1992, in
Kirchberg, (Tyrol) Austria, was the sixth in a series of meetings
to be held at this venue. Four of the earlier meetings were
dedicated to issues in the field of conducting polymers, while the
winter school held in 1990 was devoted to the new discipline of
high-T c superconductivity. This year's meeting constituted a forum
not only for the large number of scientists engaged in high-Tc
research, but also for those involved in the new and exciting field
of fullerenes. Many of the issues raised during the earlier winter
schools on conducting polymers, and the last one on high-T c
superconductivity, have taken on a new significance in the light of
the discovery of superconducting C materials. 60 The Kirchberg
meetings are organized in the style of a school where expe rienced
scientists from universities, research laboratories and industry
have the opportunity to discuss their most recent results, and
where students and young scientists can learn about the present
status of research and applications from some of the most eminent
workers in their field. In common with the previous winter school
on high-Tc superconductors, the of the cuprate superconductors.
present one focused on the electronic properties In addition,
consideration was given to related compounds which are relevant to
the understanding of the electronic structure of the cuprates in
the normal state, to other oxide superconductors and to fulleride
superconductors.
The International Winter School on Electronic Properties of
Polymers Orien tation and Dimensionality of Conjugated Systems,
held March 9-16, 1991, in Kirchberg, ('lYrol) Austria, was a sequel
to three meetings on similar subjects held there. The 1991 winter
school was again organized in cooperation with the
"Bundesministerium fUr Wissenschaft und Forschung" in Austria, and
with the "Bundesministerium fUr Forschung und Technologie" in the
Federal Republic of Germany. The basic idea of the meeting was to
provide an opportunity for experienced scientists from universities
and industry to discuss their most re cent results and for students
and young scientists to become familiar with the present status of
research and applications in the field. Like the previous winter
schools on polymers, this one concentrated on the electronic
structure and potential for application of polymers with conjugated
double bonds. This time, however, special attention was paid to the
effects of orientation and dimensionality. Anisotropy of the
electric conductivity in stretch-oriented samples and whether the
transport mechanisms are one-, two-, or three-dimensional or might
even have a "fractal dimensionality" were there fore central
topics. The problem of orientation was extended to systems such as
Langmuir-Blodgett films and other layered structures. Accordingly,
thin films were the focus of most of the application oriented
contributions. Whereas in the previous winter schools discussions
on applications dealt with "large volume applications" such as
electromagnetic shielding and energy storage, this time "molecular
materials for electronics" and prospects of "molecular electronics"
were at the center of interest."
This volume contains the proceedings of the International Winter
School on Electronic Properties of High Temperature
Superconductors, which was held March 3-10, 1990, in Kirchberg
(Tyrol), Austria. This course was a sequel to three meetings on the
subject of conducting polymers held there one, three and five years
previously. The new topic was taken up since many of the scientists
working on conducting polymers are now also actively interested in
high-Tc superconductors, a research area that continues to develop
at a remarkable pace. There have been numerous specialist
conferences on high-Tc superconductors since their discovery by
Bednorz and Muller in 1986. The Kirchberg meetings are intended as
a school where experienced scientists from universities, research
laboratories, and industry have the opportunity to discuss their
most recent results, and where young scientists and students can
learn about the present status of research in this field. The 1990
winter school was again organized in cooperation with the
"Bundesministerium fur Wissenschaft in Austria and with the
"Bundesministerium fur Forschung und Forschung" und Technologie" in
the Federal Republic of Germany. The scientific interest was
focused on the electronic structure of high-Tc superconductors and
related compounds. At the beginning of each session, tutorial
contributions were presented as an introduction for
non-specialists. These were followed by research contributions
elucidating the current state of our know ledge about high-Tc
superconductors.
This volume contains extended abstracts of the 10 plenary lectures,
27 invited symposium lectures and ap- proximately 300 contributed
papers that were presented at the 25th Congress Ampere. The
contributions cover the full range of magnetic resonance and
radiospectroscopy and their applications in physics, chemical
physics, medicine and biology. Advanced NMR and ESR techniques are
treated, as are their applications to novel materials.
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