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These proceedings had their origin in a conference entitled
'Alternative Life History Styles of Fishes and Other Organisms'
which was held in Grahamstown, South Africa, in June 1987. The idea
for the conference arose out of the fascination of an African
ichthyologist/ecologist (MNB) for the conceptual models of fish
life-history styles which were being developed by an
ichthyologist/epigeneticist based in Canada but with field
experience in Europe, Asia and Africa (EKB). I had never been fully
convinced that the adaptationist arguments of the neo-Darwinians ex
plained all ontogenetic and evolutionary phenomena, and found that
the novel approach to organism development and evolution which had
been adopted by Balon, as well as by others such as L0vtrup, was
refreshing and enlightening. Their perspectives, combined with the
new ideas on self-organisation and the link between nonequilibrium
thermodynamics and biology by Prigogine, Jantsch, Laszlo, Wicken,
Weber and others, seemed to suggest that new ways of interpreting
old findings were now becoming available. On delving into the
literature I found that a variety of zoologists were working in the
field of alternative life-history styles and autopoiesis, yet they
seemed to be unaware of one another's work. We decided that it was
time for a meeting of minds. The aim of the conference was to
examine the way in which epigenesis (i. e."
This special volume is dedicated to the contributions of women
ichthyologists. Three colleagues were selected to represent all
women ichthyologists, Ethelwynn Trewavas (ET), Rosemary
Lowe-McConnell (Ro) and Eugenie Clark (Genie). All have had
distinguished professional careers and have contributed in their
own ways to their science. The career of each is highlighted by a
personal interview with one of the editors of the volume, a
bibliography of their lifetime publications, and a biography of
their careers. Questions of historical inequities and current
controversies in the treatment of women ichthyologists by their
peers are raised and addressed by the women themselves. The
personal and professional influences of these three women, and
other women ichthyologists, are highlighted. A survey article by
Pat Brown brings a number of women ichthyologists to the attention
of a broader audience, and points the way for a more comprehensive
historical consideration of the accomplishments and contributions
of women ichthyologists. The volume continues with 16 solicited and
contributed papers. ET's studies of taxonomy and life history are
echoed in papers on the taxonomy and systematics of marine
angelfishes, and of freshwater bitterlings, a review of
reproduction in the North Atlantic ichthyofauna, and a comparison
of reproductive styles and systematics of African minnows. Ro's
studies on ecology, life history and behaviour are paralleled by
papers on growth and metabolism in piranha, the community structure
in tide pool fishes, and the social system and reproductive
patterns in groupers. Genie's pioneering work on sexual roles and
sex change, and her field studies of the behaviour of marine fishes
are reflected in papers on gonadal structure and environmental sex
determination in brook lamprey, sexual patterns in hawkfish,
reproduction and systematics in phallostethids, gonadal structure
and systematics in gobiids, reproductive and predator avoidance
behaviour in razorfish, early ontogeny of an African mouth brooder,
and alternative life histories in killifish.
These proceedings had their origin in a conference entitled
'Alternative Life History Styles of Fishes and Other Organisms'
which was held in Grahamstown, South Africa, in June 1987. The idea
for the conference arose out of the fascination of an African
ichthyologist/ecologist (MNB) for the conceptual models of fish
life-history styles which were being developed by an
ichthyologist/epigeneticist based in Canada but with field
experience in Europe, Asia and Africa (EKB). I had never been fully
convinced that the adaptationist arguments of the neo-Darwinians ex
plained all ontogenetic and evolutionary phenomena, and found that
the novel approach to organism development and evolution which had
been adopted by Balon, as well as by others such as L0vtrup, was
refreshing and enlightening. Their perspectives, combined with the
new ideas on self-organisation and the link between nonequilibrium
thermodynamics and biology by Prigogine, Jantsch, Laszlo, Wicken,
Weber and others, seemed to suggest that new ways of interpreting
old findings were now becoming available. On delving into the
literature I found that a variety of zoologists were working in the
field of alternative life-history styles and autopoiesis, yet they
seemed to be unaware of one another's work. We decided that it was
time for a meeting of minds. The aim of the conference was to
examine the way in which epigenesis (i. e."
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