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The keyguide is divided into three parts: Part One is an overview
of the literature, covering the mass media in general,
telecommunications, broadcasting in all its forms, cinema and
video, the press, advertising, publishing and ethical issues, such
as government policy and influence, legislation, codes of practice,
censorship and reportage issues; Part Two is an annotated
bibliography; and Part Three is an international directory of
organizations. A detailed index completes the work.
Non-linguistic conflicts - economic, religious, territorial - are
often projected on to language differences, and may be played out
in the language policies of governments and other holders of power.
Jean-Louis Calvet deals broadly, in a non-technical and
introductory style, with this interaction of language issues and
political process. He examines the fundamental problems arising
from language contact, multilingualism, and the conflicts caused by
inequalities symbolized in various patterns of language use. The
author draws extensively on his own research and uses numerous case
studies to illustrate the power-political dimensions of language
policies from many parts of the world, such as Africa, China, South
America, the former Soviet Union, and Europe. He cites the former
Soviet Union as a prime example of an attempt to impose, for
ideological reasons, a supra-national vehicular language, in order
to supersede the languages of regional nationalism. Professor
Calvet offers no simple solutions to the `war of languages' but
urges all those involved in language intervention - from the
professional `language planners' to school teachers - to combine
the need to promote majority languages with respect for the
diversity of local languages and language varieties.
Ending the Terror makes accessible for the first time to an English-speaking readership a major revisionist assessment of a crucial moment in the history of the French Revolution. The months that followed the fall of Robespierre in July 1794 mark not just a turning point in the history of the Revolution: "Thermidor" is also a symbolic moment that came to haunt the subsequent revolutions of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. By this date the Terror as a system of power was discredited, and the engineers of the Terror were confronting the problem of how to dismantle it without repudiating the aims of the Revolution itself and its work. Professor Baczko analyzes the Terror in detail through the political history of the French National Assembly, and looks at the broader issues of the political culture of Revolutionary France.
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