This volume inc1udes a selection of papers presented at the second European Research Conference (EURESCO) on "The International Dimension of Environmental Policy" held in Acquafredda di Maratea, Italy, in October 2001. We thank those who made this conference possible: the European Science Foundation (ESF), which provided financial and organizational support; the European Commission EURESCO Programme; the Fondazione ENI Enrico Mattei (FEEM) in Milan; and GLOBUS, Tilburg University. The European Science Foundation (ESF), the EURESCO Programme, FEEM and GLOBUS cannot be held responsible for the contents and/or opinions expressed in this volume. Our gratitude also goes to the people who assisted us in editing this volume: the papers' referees, the authors, our publisher Kluwer, and especially to Stefan Jost in Rostock who handled the manuscript with maximum care during the process of copy-editing. None of these persons bears any responsibilities for remaining errors or shortcomings. Laura Marsiliani, Michael Rauscher, and Cees Withagen [Marsiliani, L., Rauscher, M. and Withagen, c.] (eds.), [Environmental Policy in an International Perspective], xi. (c) 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Introduction a C Laura Marsiliani , Michael Rauscherb and Cees Withagen a University 0/ Rochester and University 0/ Durham, b University 0/ Rostock, C Free University Amsterdam and Ti/burg University 1. THE ISSUES Nowadays, the proteetion of the environment is one of the most debated issues in the international are~a. Because of the transboundary nature of pollution and the characteristic of the environment as aglobaI public good, international co- operation is highly desirable.

This volume includes a selection of papers presented at the EURESCO Conference "The International Dimension of Environmental Policy" held in Kerkrade, The Netherlands, in October 2000. We would like to thank those who made this conference possible: the European Science Foundation (ESF), which provided financial and organizational support; the European Commission EURESCO Programme; the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), which sponsored the conference under the research project: "Environmental Policy, International Competitiveness and the Location Behavior of Firms"; and GLOBUS, Tilburg University. The European Science Foundation (ESF), the EURESCO Programme, NWO and GlOBUS cannot be held responsible for the contents and/or opinions expressed in this volume. Our gratitude also goes to the people who assisted us in editing this volume: the papers' referees, the authors, our publisher Kluwer, and Ineke Lavrijssen and Evelyn Rogge for invaluable editorial help at different stages of this project. Laura Marsiliani W. Allen Wallis Institute of Political Economy, University of Rochester, USA and Department of Economics and Finance, University of Durham, United Kingdom; Michael Rauscher Institute of Economics, Rostock University, Germany; Cees Withagen Department of Economics and CentER, Tilburg University, The Netherlands and Department of Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [Marsiliani, L., Rauscher, M. and Withagen, C] (eds.), [Environmental Economics and the International Economy], vii.

If one were forced to use a single key word to describe the decade of the 1980's, a very prominent one would be "technology. " Leading the forefront of tech nology advancement were breakthroughs in electronics. Devices that were uncommon or unknown in 1980 became commonplace, and almost indispens able, by 1989. This trend has continued into the 1990's and it does not seem to be abating in any way. Microwave ovens, video recorders, telephone answer ing machines, compact disc players, computers, and a host of smaller or less sophisticated devices now appear in most households. The development of small and inexpensive computers, i. e., personal computers, has placed computing resources within reach of many more people. In addition, many traditional, and largely mechanical devices, have been enhanced by electronics. For example, specialized microprocessors are combined with arrays of electronic sensors to control and monitor sophisticated engineering components in most new auto mobiles. In this and many other ways, we are touched by the new electronics in almost every aspect of our daily lives. Initially, personal computers were little more than toys. They contained only a small fraction of the computing power of their immediate ancestors, the mini computers and mainframe computers. However, rapid improvements in integ rated circuit design and chip manufacture produced regular reductions in size and cost of computer components. During the same time, processor speed and sophistication increased."

 This volume, in a sense, aims at reflecting the qualities of the honoree and it does so in two respects. On the one hand, it covers a great variety of subdisciplines of economics. On the other hand, the book ranges from theoretical and mathematical economics to hands-on applied analyses of economic-policy issues. All essays are driven by the aspiration to better understand the economy and to draw relevant conclusions for economic policy. The book is divided into five parts dealing with the German economy, European economic issues, global markets, international trade theory and policy, and natural resources and the environment.

Trade and the environment has become a major area of international political dispute. This study investigates the interdependencies between environmental policies and international trade policies. * Does liberalization of international goods and factor markets cause environmental disruption and welfare losses? * Will countries institute lax ecological regulations to favour their domestic producers? * Should trade restrictions be used for environmental reasons and can environmental policy instruments be used to achieve trade-related objectives? * Should there be what the author terms a `green GATT'? The approach is mainly theoretical, and uses traditional trade models like Hekscher-Ohlin as well as non-competitive models of the `new' trade theory and public choice. Some other important but often neglected aspects, such as trade in hazardous wastes and the foreign debt problem, with the possibility of debt-for-nature swaps, are also considered. Finally International Trade, Factor Movements, and the Environment addresses institutional issues on both national and international levels. The book will be essential reading for all international and environmental economists.

This volume, in a sense, aims at reflecting the qualities of the honoree and it does so in two respects. On the one hand, it covers a great variety of subdisciplines of economics. On the other hand, the book ranges from theoretical and mathematical economics to hands-on applied analyses of economic-policy issues. All essays are driven by the aspiration to better understand the economy and to draw relevant conclusions for economic policy. The book is divided into five parts dealing with the German economy, European economic issues, global markets, international trade theory and policy, and natural resources and the environment.

This book investigates the process of oil price formation, in particular the price fluctuations of the past, and to provide realistic scenarios of future developments. It starts with the history of the world petroleum market and its institutions and a comprehensive survey of the existing literature. The theoretical framework is a model which interprets OPEC as the swing producer in the market. An intertemporal aspect arises from the exhaustibility of petroleum and from the sluggish adjustments of demand and non-OPEC supply. The model is solved by application of Pontryagin's maximum principle. Price shocks are explained by OPEC's incorrect expectations about demand behaviour. The model is analysed econometrically by means of nonlinear-least-squares methods and the parameter estimates are used to compute scenarios of future price developments. The solution of the theoretical model requires application of non-standard concepts, such as algebraic Riccati equations. They are introduced in an appendix which also contains a variety of useful optimal control theorems. Another issue which is of more general interest is the consideration of incorrect expectations in intertemporal optimisation models.

If one were forced to use a single key word to describe the decade of the 1980's, a very prominent one would be "technology. " Leading the forefront of tech nology advancement were breakthroughs in electronics. Devices that were uncommon or unknown in 1980 became commonplace, and almost indispens able, by 1989. This trend has continued into the 1990's and it does not seem to be abating in any way. Microwave ovens, video recorders, telephone answer ing machines, compact disc players, computers, and a host of smaller or less sophisticated devices now appear in most households. The development of small and inexpensive computers, i. e., personal computers, has placed computing resources within reach of many more people. In addition, many traditional, and largely mechanical devices, have been enhanced by electronics. For example, specialized microprocessors are combined with arrays of electronic sensors to control and monitor sophisticated engineering components in most new auto mobiles. In this and many other ways, we are touched by the new electronics in almost every aspect of our daily lives. Initially, personal computers were little more than toys. They contained only a small fraction of the computing power of their immediate ancestors, the mini computers and mainframe computers. However, rapid improvements in integ rated circuit design and chip manufacture produced regular reductions in size and cost of computer components. During the same time, processor speed and sophistication increased."

This volume inc1udes a selection of papers presented at the second European Research Conference (EURESCO) on "The International Dimension of Environmental Policy" held in Acquafredda di Maratea, Italy, in October 2001. We thank those who made this conference possible: the European Science Foundation (ESF), which provided financial and organizational support; the European Commission EURESCO Programme; the Fondazione ENI Enrico Mattei (FEEM) in Milan; and GLOBUS, Tilburg University. The European Science Foundation (ESF), the EURESCO Programme, FEEM and GLOBUS cannot be held responsible for the contents and/or opinions expressed in this volume. Our gratitude also goes to the people who assisted us in editing this volume: the papers' referees, the authors, our publisher Kluwer, and especially to Stefan Jost in Rostock who handled the manuscript with maximum care during the process of copy-editing. None of these persons bears any responsibilities for remaining errors or shortcomings. Laura Marsiliani, Michael Rauscher, and Cees Withagen [Marsiliani, L., Rauscher, M. and Withagen, c.] (eds.), [Environmental Policy in an International Perspective], xi. (c) 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Introduction a C Laura Marsiliani , Michael Rauscherb and Cees Withagen a University 0/ Rochester and University 0/ Durham, b University 0/ Rostock, C Free University Amsterdam and Ti/burg University 1. THE ISSUES Nowadays, the proteetion of the environment is one of the most debated issues in the international are~a. Because of the transboundary nature of pollution and the characteristic of the environment as aglobaI public good, international co- operation is highly desirable.

This volume includes a selection of papers presented at the EURESCO Conference "The International Dimension of Environmental Policy" held in Kerkrade, The Netherlands, in October 2000. We would like to thank those who made this conference possible: the European Science Foundation (ESF), which provided financial and organizational support; the European Commission EURESCO Programme; the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), which sponsored the conference under the research project: "Environmental Policy, International Competitiveness and the Location Behavior of Firms"; and GLOBUS, Tilburg University. The European Science Foundation (ESF), the EURESCO Programme, NWO and GlOBUS cannot be held responsible for the contents and/or opinions expressed in this volume. Our gratitude also goes to the people who assisted us in editing this volume: the papers' referees, the authors, our publisher Kluwer, and Ineke Lavrijssen and Evelyn Rogge for invaluable editorial help at different stages of this project. Laura Marsiliani W. Allen Wallis Institute of Political Economy, University of Rochester, USA and Department of Economics and Finance, University of Durham, United Kingdom; Michael Rauscher Institute of Economics, Rostock University, Germany; Cees Withagen Department of Economics and CentER, Tilburg University, The Netherlands and Department of Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [Marsiliani, L., Rauscher, M. and Withagen, C] (eds.), [Environmental Economics and the International Economy], vii.

In diesem Band zeigen renommierte Autoren aus Wissenschaft, Politik und Unternehmenspraxis beispielhaft die wirtschaftlichen und politischen Entwicklungen in Osteuropa von 1989 bis heute.