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This book narrates the development of various biomimetic
microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors, such as pressure,
flow, acceleration, chemical, and tactile sensors, that are
inspired by sensing phenomena that exist in marine life. The
research described in this book is multi-faceted and combines the
expertise and understanding from diverse fields, including
biomimetics, microfabrication, sensor engineering, MEMS design,
nanotechnology, and material science. A series of chapters examine
the design and fabrication of MEMS sensors that function on
piezoresistive, piezoelectric, strain gauge, and chemical sensing
principles. By translating nature-based engineering solutions to
artificial man-made technology, we can find innovative solutions to
critical problems.
The physical principles of swimming and flying in animals are
intriguingly different from those of ships and airplanes. The study
of animal locomotion therefore holds a special place not only at
the frontiers of pure fluid dynamics research, but also in the
applied field of biomimetics, which aims to emulate salient aspects
of the performance and function of living organisms. For example,
fluid dynamic loads are so significant for swimming fish that they
are expected to have developed efficient flow control procedures
through the evolutionary process of adaptation by natural
selection, which might in turn be applied to the design of robotic
swimmers. And yet, sharply contrasting views as to the energetic
efficiency of oscillatory propulsion - especially for marine
animals - demand a careful assessment of the forces and energy
expended at realistic Reynolds numbers. For this and many other
research questions, an experimental approach is often the most
appropriate methodology. This holds as much for flying animals as
it does for swimming ones, and similar experimental challenges
apply - studying tethered as opposed to free locomotion, or
studying the flow around robotic models as opposed to real animals.
This book provides a wide-ranging snapshot of the state-of-the-art
in experimental research on the physics of swimming and flying
animals. The resulting picture reflects not only upon the questions
that are of interest in current pure and applied research, but also
upon the experimental techniques that are available to answer them.
This book explores the fabrication of soft material and biomimetic
MEMS sensors, presents a review of MEMS/NEMS energy harvesters and
self-powered sensors, and focuses on the recent efforts in
developing flexible and wearable piezoelectric nanogenerators. It
also includes a critical analysis of various energy harvesting
principles, such as electromagnetic, piezoelectric, electrostatic,
triboelectric, and magnetostrictive. This multidisciplinary book is
appropriate for students and professionals in the fields of
material science, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering,
and bioengineering.
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