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Dialogos" encompasses Greek language and literature, Greek history
and archaeology, Greek culture and thought, present and past: a
territory of distinctive richness and unsurpassed influence. It
seeks to foster critical awareness and informed debate about the
ideas, events and achievements that make up this territory, by
redefining their qualities, by exploring their interconnections and
by reinterpreting their significance within Western culture and
beyond.
Socrates, son of Sophroniscus, of Alopece is arguably the most
richly and diversely commemorated - and appropriated - of all
ancient thinkers. Already in Antiquity, vigorous controversy over
his significance and value ensured a wide range of conflicting
representations. He then became available to the medieval,
renaissance and modern worlds in a provocative variety of roles: as
paradigmatic philosopher and representative (for good or ill) of
ancient philosophical culture in general; as practitioner of a
distinctive philosophical method, and a distinctive philosophical
lifestyle; as the ostensible originator of startling doctrines
about politics and sex; as martyr (the victim of the most extreme
of all miscarriages of justice); as possessor of an extraordinary,
and extraordinarily significant physical appearance; and as the
archetype of the hen-pecked intellectual. To this day, he continues
to be the most readily recognized of ancient philosophers, as much
in popular as in academic culture. This volume, along with its
companion, Socrates from Antiquity to the Enlightenment, aims to do
full justice to the source material (philosophical, literary,
artistic, political), and to the range of interpretative issues it
raises. It opens with an Introduction summarizing the reception of
Socrates up to 1800, and describing scholarly study since then.
This is followed by sections on the hugely influential Socrateses
of Hegel, Kirkegaard and Nietzsche; representations of Socrates
(particularly his erotic teaching) principally inspired by Plato's
Symposium; and political manipulations of Socratic material,
especially in the 20th century. A distinctive feature is the
inclusion of Cold War Socrateses, both capitalist and communist.
Socrates, son of Sophroniscus, of Alopece is arguably the most
richly and diversely commemorated - and appropriated - of all
ancient thinkers. Already in Antiquity, vigorous controversy over
his significance and value ensured a wide range of conflicting
representations. He then became available to the medieval,
renaissance and modern worlds in a provocative variety of roles: as
paradigmatic philosopher and representative (for good or ill) of
ancient philosophical culture in general; as practitioner of a
distinctive philosophical method, and a distinctive philosophical
lifestyle; as the ostensible originator of startling doctrines
about politics and sex; as martyr (the victim of the most extreme
of all miscarriages of justice); as possessor of an extraordinary,
and extraordinarily significant physical appearance; and, as the
archetype of the hen-pecked intellectual. To this day, he continues
to be the most readily recognized of ancient philosophers, as much
in popular as in academic culture.This volume, along with its
companion, Socrates in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, aims
to do full justice to the source material (philosophical, literary,
artistic, political), and to the range of interpretative issues it
raises. It opens with an Introduction surveying ancient accounts of
Socrates, and discussing the origins and current state of the
'Socratic question'. This is followed by three sections, covering
the Socrates of Antiquity, with perspectives forward to later
developments (especially in drama and the visual arts); Socrates
from Late Antiquity to medieval times; and Socrates in the
Renaissance and Enlightenment. Among topics singled out for special
attention are medieval Arabic and Jewish interest in Socrates, and
his role in the European Enlightenment as an emblem of moral
courage and as the clinching proof of the follies of democracy.
Drawing on unusually broad range of sources for this study of
Imperial period philosophical thought, Michael Trapp examines the
central issues of personal morality, political theory, and social
organization: philosophy as the pursuit of self-improvement and
happiness; the conceptualization and management of emotion;
attitudes and obligations to others; ideas of the self and
personhood; constitutional theory and the ruler; the constituents
and working of the good community. Texts and thinkers discussed
range from Alexander of Aphrodisias, Aspasius and Alcinous, via
Hierocles, Seneca, Musonius, Epictetus, Plutarch and Diogenes of
Oenoanda, to Dio Chrysostom, Apuleius, Lucian, Maximus of Tyre,
Pythagorean pseudepigrapha, and the Tablet of Cebes. The
distinctive doctrines of the individual philosophical schools are
outlined, but also the range of choice that collectively they
presented to the potential philosophical 'convert', and the
contexts in which that choice was encountered. Finally Trapp turns
his attention to the status of philosophy itself as an element of
the elite culture of the period, and to the ways in which
philosophical values may have posed a threat to other prevalent
schemes of value; Trapp argues that the idea of 'philosophical
opposition', though useful, needs to be substantially modified and
extended.
Drawing on unusually broad range of sources for this study of
Imperial period philosophical thought, Michael Trapp examines the
central issues of personal morality, political theory, and social
organization: philosophy as the pursuit of self-improvement and
happiness; the conceptualization and management of emotion;
attitudes and obligations to others; ideas of the self and
personhood; constitutional theory and the ruler; the constituents
and working of the good community. Texts and thinkers discussed
range from Alexander of Aphrodisias, Aspasius and Alcinous, via
Hierocles, Seneca, Musonius, Epictetus, Plutarch and Diogenes of
Oenoanda, to Dio Chrysostom, Apuleius, Lucian, Maximus of Tyre,
Pythagorean pseudepigrapha, and the Tablet of Cebes. The
distinctive doctrines of the individual philosophical schools are
outlined, but also the range of choice that collectively they
presented to the potential philosophical 'convert', and the
contexts in which that choice was encountered. Finally Trapp turns
his attention to the status of philosophy itself as an element of
the elite culture of the period, and to the ways in which
philosophical values may have posed a threat to other prevalent
schemes of value; Trapp argues that the idea of 'philosophical
opposition', though useful, needs to be substantially modified and
extended.
Dialogos" encompasses Greek language and literature, Greek history
and archaeology, Greek culture and thought, present and past: a
territory of distinctive richness and unsurpassed influence. It
seeks to foster critical awareness and informed debate about the
ideas, events and achievements that make up this territory, by
redefining their qualities, by exploring their interconnections and
by reinterpreting their significance within Western culture and
beyond.
Publius Aelius Aristides Theodorus was among the most celebrated
authors of the Second Sophistic and an important figure in the
transmission of Hellenism. Born to wealthy landowners in Mysia in
117, he studied in Athens and Pergamum before he fell chronically
ill in the early 140s and retreated to Pergamum's healing shrine of
Asclepius. By 147 Aristides was able to resume his public
activities and pursue a successful oratorical career. Based at his
family estate in Smyrna, he traveled between bouts of illness and
produced speeches and lectures, declamations on historical themes,
polemical works, prose hymns, and various essays, all of it
displaying deep and creative familiarity with the classical
literary heritage. He died between 180 and 185. This edition of
Aristides, new to the Loeb Classical Library, offers fresh
translations and texts based on the critical editions of Lenz-Behr
(Orations 1-16) and Keil (Orations 17-53). Volume II contains
Orations 3 and 4, which along with Oration 2 (A Reply to Plato)
take issue with the attack on orators and oratory delivered in
Plato's Gorgias.
This volume demonstrates the use of FORTRAN for numerical computing
in the context of the finite element method. FORTRAN is still an
important programming language for computational mechanics and all
classical finite element codes are written in this language, some
of them even offer an interface to link user-code to the main
program. This feature is especially important for the development
and investigation of new engineering structures or materials. Thus,
this volume gives a simple introduction to programming of
elasto-plastic material behavior, which is, for example, the
prerequisite for implementing new constitutive laws into a
commercial finite element program.
Publius Aelius Aristides Theodorus was among the most celebrated
authors of the Second Sophistic and an important figure in the
transmission of Hellenism. Born to wealthy landowners in Mysia in
117, he studied in Athens and Pergamum before he fell chronically
ill in the early 140s and retreated to Pergamum's healing shrine of
Asclepius. By 147 Aristides was able to resume his public
activities and pursue a successful oratorical career. Based at his
family estate in Smyrna, he traveled between bouts of illness and
produced speeches and lectures, declamations on historical themes,
polemical works, prose hymns, and various essays, all of it
displaying deep and creative familiarity with the classical
literary heritage. He died between 180 and 185. This edition of
Aristides, new to the Loeb Classical Library, offers fresh
translations and texts based on the critical editions of Lenz-Behr
(Orations 1-16) and Keil (Orations 17-53). Volume I contains the
Panathenaic Oration, a historical appreciation of classical Athens
and Aristides' most influential work, and A Reply to Plato, the
first of three essays taking issue with the attack on orators and
oratory delivered in Plato's Gorgias.
The seventy-eight letters in this Anthology are selected both for their intrinsic interest and to illustrate the range of functions letters performed in the ancient world. Dating from between c.500 BC and c.400 AD, they include naive and high-style, "real" and "fictitious", and classical and patristic items.
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