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The book highlights the personal and scientific struggles of Arthur
Erich Haas (1884-1941), an Austrian Physicist from a wealthy Jewish
middle-class family, whose remarkable accomplishments in a
politically hostile but scientifically rewarding environment
deserve greater recognition. Haas was a fellow student of both Lise
Meitner and Erwin Schroedinger and was also one of the last
doctoral students of Ludwig Boltzmann. Following Boltzmann's
suicide, Haas was forced to submit a more independent doctoral
thesis in which he postulated new approaches in early quantum
theory, actually introducing the idea of the Bohr radius before
Niels Bohr. It is the lost story of a trailblazer in the fields of
quantum mechanics and cosmology, a herald of nuclear energy and
applications of modern science. This biography of Haas is based on
new and previously unpublished family records and archived material
from the Vienna Academy of Science and the University of Notre
Dame, which the author has collected over many years. From his
analysis of the letters, documents, and photos that rested for
nearly a century in family attics and academic archives, Michael
Wiescher provides a unique and detailed insight into the life of a
gifted Jewish physicist during the first half of the twentieth
century. It also sheds light on the scientific developments and
thinking of the time. It appeals not only to historians and
physicists, but also general readers. All appreciate the record of
Haas' interactions with many of the key figures who helped to found
modern physics.
The book highlights the personal and scientific struggles of Arthur
Erich Haas (1884-1941), an Austrian Physicist from a wealthy Jewish
middle-class family, whose remarkable accomplishments in a
politically hostile but scientifically rewarding environment
deserve greater recognition. Haas was a fellow student of both Lise
Meitner and Erwin Schroedinger and was also one of the last
doctoral students of Ludwig Boltzmann. Following Boltzmann's
suicide, Haas was forced to submit a more independent doctoral
thesis in which he postulated new approaches in early quantum
theory, actually introducing the idea of the Bohr radius before
Niels Bohr. It is the lost story of a trailblazer in the fields of
quantum mechanics and cosmology, a herald of nuclear energy and
applications of modern science. This biography of Haas is based on
new and previously unpublished family records and archived material
from the Vienna Academy of Science and the University of Notre
Dame, which the author has collected over many years. From his
analysis of the letters, documents, and photos that rested for
nearly a century in family attics and academic archives, Michael
Wiescher provides a unique and detailed insight into the life of a
gifted Jewish physicist during the first half of the twentieth
century. It also sheds light on the scientific developments and
thinking of the time. It appeals not only to historians and
physicists, but also general readers. All appreciate the record of
Haas' interactions with many of the key figures who helped to found
modern physics.
The characterization of cultural heritage objects becomes
increasingly important for conservation, restoration, dating, and
authentication purposes. The use of scientific methods in
archaeometry and conservation science has led to a significant
broadening of the field. Scientific analysis of these objects is a
challenging task due to their complex composition, artistic and
historical values requiring the use of minimally invasive and
nondestructive analytical procedures. This textbook summarizes
scientific methods that are currently used to characterize objects
of cultural heritage and archaeological artifacts. This book
provides a brief description of the structure of matter at the
molecular, atomic, and nuclear levels. Furthermore, it discusses
the chemical and physical nature of materials from the molecular to
the atomic and nuclear level as determined by the principles of
quantum mechanics. Important aspects of natural and anthropogenic
radioactivity that play a critical role for some of the analytical
techniques are also emphasized. The textbook also provides
principals and applications of spectroscopic methods for
characterization of cultural heritage objects. It describes the
technologies with specific examples for utilization of
spectroscopic techniques in the characterization of paintings,
books, coins, ceramics, and other objects. Analytic approaches that
employ isotopes and determination of isotope ratios will be
reviewed. General principles of imaging techniques and specific
examples for utilization of these methods will also be summarized.
In the later part of the book, a number of scientific techniques
for the age determination of cultural heritage material and
archaeological artifacts will be presented and discussed with
specific examples.
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