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In the autumn of 1944, Heinrich Himmler ordered the evacuation of
the German population from east-central and south-east Europe. The
reason was the advance of the Soviet troops to the west. Can this
evacuation, as happened mainly in German memory after 1945, be
simply understood as a humanitarian measure in the interest of the
civilian population threatened by war? Or weren't the objectives of
the National Socialist war policy behind it? This book presents the
results of a German-Slovak research project. Using the example of
the Germans in Slovakia, backgrounds, processes and relationships
of the evacuation in the years 1944-1945 are examined, which until
now have mostly only been assigned to the complex of flight and
displacement. A special focus is on the general development in the
region, where, as a result of hostilities, the Slovak civilians
fled in parallel. One of the central results of the present study
is that National Socialist politics also had a significant
influence on what was happening. The evacuation policy of the
German Wehrmacht and persecution measures against Jews, Roma and
political opponents are also taken into account. At the end of the
volume there is an outlook on the consequences for those affected
and the historical-political classification of the evacuation in
the Federal Republic of Germany.
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