In 2003, Congress passed the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act, which established a 5-year, $15 billion initiative to help countries around the world respond to their AIDS epidemics. The initiative is generally referred to by the title of the 5-year strategy required by the act-PEPFAR, or the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. PEPFAR Implementation evaluates this initiative's progress and concludes that although PEPFAR has made a promising start, U.S. leadership is still needed in the effort to respond to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The book recommends that the program transition from its focus on emergency relief to an emphasis on the long-term strategic planning and capacity building necessary for a sustainable response. PEPFAR Implementation will be of interest to policy makers, health care professionals, special interest groups, and others interested in global AIDS relief. Table of Contents Front Matter Abstract and Summary Part I The U.S. Global AIDS Initiative, 1 Introduction 2 The U.S. Global AIDS Initiative: Context and Background Part II Progress on the First 5-Year Strategy -- PEPFAR, 3 PEPFAR's Management 4 PEPFAR's Prevention Category 5 PEPFAR's Treatment Category 6 PEPFAR's Care Category 7 PEPFAR's Orphans and Other Vulnerable Children Category Part III Looking to the Future, 8 Toward Sustainability Appendix A Acknowledgments Appendix B Methods Appendix C Plan for a Short-term Evaluation of PEPFAR Implementation -- Letter Report # 1 Appendix D Selected Bibliography for 25-Year Overview of Global HIV/AIDS Appendix E Abbreviations and Acronyms Appendix F Committee and Staff Biographies Appendix G Information-Gathering Meeting Agendas Index