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This report fills a request for a study of food deserts-areas with
limited access to affordable and nutritious food-from the Food,
Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008. The report summarizes
findings of a national-level assessment of the extent and
characteristics of food deserts, analysis of the consequences of
food deserts, lessons learned from related Federal programs, and a
discussion of policy options for alleviating the effects of food
deserts. Overall, findings show that a small percentage of
consumers are constrained in their ability to access affordable
nutritious food because they live far from a supermarket or large
grocery store and do not have easy access to transportation.
Results from reviewed studies indicate that for most participants
in the Food Stamp Program-children, nonelderly men, and the
elderly-use of food stamp benefits does not result in an increase
in either Body Mass Index (BMI) or the likelihood of being
overweight or obese. However, for nonelderly women, who account for
28 percent of the food stamp caseload, some evidence suggests that
participation in the Food Stamp Program may increase BMI and the
probability of obesity. Different results for age and sex subgroups
remain unexplained. Further, because food stamp benefits are issued
to households, not individuals, mixed results across age and sex
subgroups make it difficult to target policy alternatives to
address potential weight gain among some participants while not
affecting others in the household.
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