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Is economic development conducive to political democracy? Does
democracy foster or hinder material welfare? These two questions
are examined by looking at the experience of 135 countries between
1950 and 1990. Descriptive information, statistical analyses, and
historical narratives are interwoven to gain an understanding of
the dynamic of political regimes and their impact on economic
development and other aspects of material welfare. The findings,
several most surprising, dispel any notion of a trade-off between
democracy and development. Economic development does not generate
democracies but democracies are much more likely to survive in
wealthy societies. Political regimes have no impact on the growth
of total national incomes, while political instability affects
growth only in dictatorships. Per capita incomes grow faster in
democracies since population increases faster under dictatorships.
In general, political regimes have more of an effect on demography
than on economics.
Research has shown that truancy is frequently associated with
juvenile crime and dropping out of school altogether. With the high
dropout rate in the U.S. and the No Child Left Behind Act holding
schools accountable for their dropout rates, it is essential for
school social workers to contribute to their schools' improvement
plan in meeting annual yearly progress benchmarks. This book, by
well respected researchers and practitioners who have extensive
experience with truancy, covers best practices in truancy at the
community, school, and student/family levels of interventions. It
provides an essential everyday reference guide to research-based
programs and truancy program implementation.
Beginning with an introduction to the essentials of truancy, its
causes and consequences, and state and federal legislation, the
authors then give readers a snapshot of what research has shown to
work so far and what adaptations might look like in various school
settings. Richly detailed case examples illustrate multiple levels
of intervention, from the school-wide prevention and general policy
levels to remedial interventions, including culturally competent
approaches. Eminently practical and easily accessible, with sample
forms, methods of measuring outcomes, ideas for funding, take-away
points, and digestible research summaries, this will be a trusted
toolkit for school professionals seeking to reduce their schools'
dropout rates and improve students' engagement with school.
School-based practitioners and student trainees alike will find a
wealth of reliable information about what is seemingly an
intractable problem. They can immediately begin implementing the
proven and promising practices presented in this practical guide.
Functional behavioral assessment (FBA) is an important element in
developing effective behavior interventions in schools. By
understanding how the environment predicts and maintains problem
behavior, school social workers can change those environmental
conditions and facilitate positive behavior. Although FBA is
traditionally applied within the context of special education, it
is relevant to supporting behavior of all students in a school. In
this book, the authors explore how FBA can be applied in a
three-tiered model of prevention and provide tools and case
examples to facilitate application. This process is described as
occurring within a team context wherein the school social worker
serves as a facilitator and contributor with behavioral expertise.
In Tier 1, FBA is applied to the behavior of all students in a
school and leads to the development of school-wide behavior
interventions that are intended to prevent students from developing
more serious patterns of problem behavior. In Tier-2 FBAs, the
behavior of at-risk students is assessed in an efficient manner to
determine which available evidence-based interventions will be
effective in improving their behavior. In Tier 3, FBAs involve
extensive individual assessments of the conditions that maintain
the problem behavior students with significant behavior problems.
This book provides detailed information about conducting FBAs at
each tier of prevention and reviews the process of developing
interventions from the FBA information at each tier. As initiatives
encouraging positive behavior support in schools proliferate, this
book will help school social workers develop the skill set
necessary to maintain their role as important contributors to
student outcomes.
Is economic development conducive to political democracy? Does democracy foster or hinder material welfare? These two questions are examined by looking at the experiences of 135 countries between 1950 and 1990. Descriptive information, statistical analyses, and historical narratives are interwoven to gain an understanding of the dynamic of political regimes and their impact on economic development. The often surprising findings dispel any notion of a tradeoff between democracy and development. Economic development does not generate democracies, but democracies are much more likely to survive in wealthy societies.
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