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This report defines a new pre-crash scenario typology for crash
avoidance research based on the 2004 General Estimates System (GES)
crash database, which consists of pre-crash scenarios depicting
vehicle movements and dynamics as well as the critical event
immediately prior to a crash. This typology establishes a common
vehicle safety research foundation for public and private
organizations, which will allow researchers to determine which
traffic safety issues should be of first priority to investigate
and to develop concomitant crash avoidance systems. Its main
objectives are to identify all common pre-crash scenarios of all
police-reported crashes involving at least one light vehicle (i.e.,
passenger car, sports utility vehicle, van, minivan, and light
pickup truck); quantify their severity in terms of frequency of
occurrence, economic cost, and functional years lost; portray each
scenario by crash contributing factors and circumstances in terms
of the driving environment, driver, and vehicle; and provide
nationally representative crash statistics that can be annually
updated using national crash databases such as GES. This new
typology includes 37 pre-crash scenarios accounting for
approximately 5,942,000 police-reported light-vehicle crashes, an
estimated economic cost of 120 billion dollars, and 2,767,000
functional years lost. These statistics do not incorporate data
from non-police-reported crashes.
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