This book introduces a novel Ti-Sb-Te alloy for high-speed and low-power phase-change memory applications, which demonstrates a phase-change mechanism that differs significantly from that of conventional Ge2Sb2Te5 and yields favorable overall performance. Systematic methods, combined with better material characteristics, are used to optimize the material components and device performance. Subsequently, a phase-change memory chip based on the optimized component is successfully fabricated using 40-nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology, which offers a number of advantages in many embedded applications.

This volume includes extended and revised versions of a set of selected papers from the International Conference on Electric and Electronics (EEIC 2011) , held on June 20-22 , 2011, which is jointly organized by Nanchang University, Springer, and IEEE IAS Nanchang Chapter. The objective of EEIC 2011 Volume 2 is to provide a major interdisciplinary forum for the presentation of new approaches from Electrical engineering and controls, to foster integration of the latest developments in scientific research. 133 related topic papers were selected into this volume. All the papers were reviewed by 2 program committee members and selected by the volume editor Prof. Min Zhu. We hope every participant can have a good opportunity to exchange their research ideas and results and to discuss the state of the art in the areas of the Electrical engineering and controls.

This volume includes extended and revised versions of a set of selected papers from the International Conference on Electric and Electronics (EEIC 2011) , held on June 20-22 , 2011, which is jointly organized by Nanchang University, Springer, and IEEE IAS Nanchang Chapter. The objective of EEIC 2011 Volume 2 is to provide a major interdisciplinary forum for the presentation of new approaches from Electrical engineering and controls, to foster integration of the latest developments in scientific research. 133 related topic papers were selected into this volume. All the papers were reviewed by 2 program committee members and selected by the volume editor Prof. Min Zhu. We hope every participant can have a good opportunity to exchange their research ideas and results and to discuss the state of the art in the areas of the Electrical engineering and controls.

A series of papers on business, economics, and financial sciences, management selected from International Conference on Business, Economics, and Financial Sciences, Management are included in this volume. Management in all business and organizational activities is the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively. Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal. Resourcing encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resources and natural resources. The proceedings of BEFM2011 focuses on the various aspects of advances in Business, Economics, and Financial Sciences, Management and provides a chance for academic and industry professionals to discuss recent progress in the area of Business, Economics, and Financial Sciences, Management. It is hoped that the present book will be useful to experts and professors, both specialists and graduate students in the related fields.

This six-volume-set (CCIS 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236) constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Computing, Information and Control, ICCIC 2011, held in Wuhan, China, in September 2011. The papers are organized in two volumes on Innovative Computing and Information (CCIS 231 and 232), two volumes on Computing and Intelligent Systems (CCIS 233 and 234), and in two volumes on Information and Management Engineering (CCIS 235 and 236).

This book introduces a novel Ti-Sb-Te alloy for high-speed and low-power phase-change memory applications, which demonstrates a phase-change mechanism that differs significantly from that of conventional Ge2Sb2Te5 and yields favorable overall performance. Systematic methods, combined with better material characteristics, are used to optimize the material components and device performance. Subsequently, a phase-change memory chip based on the optimized component is successfully fabricated using 40-nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology, which offers a number of advantages in many embedded applications.

This six-volume-set (CCIS 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236) constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Computing, Information and Control, ICCIC 2011, held in Wuhan, China, in September 2011. The papers are organized in two volumes on Innovative Computing and Information (CCIS 231 and 232), two volumes on Computing and Intelligent Systems (CCIS 233 and 234), and in two volumes on Information and Management Engineering (CCIS 235 and 236).

Die Entstehung der D-Mark und ihre Entwicklung zur zweitwichtigsten Wahrung der Welt ist eine beeindruckende Erfolgsgeschichte. In den Beitragen dieses Buches verdeutlichen die Akteure dieses Prozesses, wie etwa Otmar Emminger und Otmar Issing, wie dieser Aufstieg moglich wurde. Wesentlich waren dabei insbesondere die entscheidende Rolle der Bundesbank im volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtgeschehen sowie die kluge und weitsichtige Wahrnehmung der geld- und wahrungspolitischen Aufgaben durch die Verantwortlichen. Dass diese Erfolgsgeschichte Vorbildcharakter besitzt, beweist nicht zuletzt die Resonanz, die die Veroffentlichung der jetzt in deutsch vorliegenden Texte in China hatte, wo das Buch in 2012 zum Buch des Jahres gewahlt wurde. Von besonderem Wert fur den Leser ist, wie in dieser umfassenden Darstellung die Voraussetzungen des Aufstiegs der D-Mark zur zweitwichtigsten Wahrung der Welt aus wissenschaftlicher, historischer und zeitgenossischer Sicht beleuchtet werden. Abgerundet wird dies durch ein Gesprach des Herausgebers Peter Jungen mit Bundesbankprasident Weidmann und Professor Issing.Der Renminbi befindet sich inzwischen auf dem Weg zu einer globalen Leitwahrung; den Euro hat er jungst als zweibedeutendste Wahrung im Welthandel abgelost. Dieses Buch konnte die Diskussion uber die Zusammenhange zwischen Geld- und Wahrungspolitik einerseits und der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung andererseits, die auf den Entscheidungen von Millionen Unternehmern in einer offenen Markwirtschaft basieren, weiter voranbringen.

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