Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Entrepreneurs and information technology have formed the backbone of the global economy. The growing use of information technology in society and most industries and businesses, as well as the economic convergence of entrepreneurship and innovation, highlights the need for cutting-edge research on entrepreneurship and innovation in the context of information technology. Futuristic Technology Perspectives on Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Innovation provides rigorous and research-based chapters on the formation and implementation of effective strategies and business plans as well as current studies on the nature, process, and practice of entrepreneurship and innovation in the development, implementation, and application of information technology worldwide. Covering topics such as green entrepreneurship, design thinking, and skill building, this premier reference source is an essential resource for entrepreneurs, business leaders and managers, IT managers, technologists, government officials, medical professionals, financial planners, students and educators of higher education, librarians, researchers, and academicians.

This upper-undergraduate/graduate-level textbook introduces students to large-scale tropical climate circulation and its variations, covering their fundamental aspects and our current understanding of how they are impacted in a warming world. From this volume, readers will gain an understanding of tropical climate variability from the meso- to planetary scale. Uniquely, equal emphasis is placed on atmospheric and oceanic processes of tropical phenomena. The book will appeal to senior undergraduate and graduate students across geoscience disciplines, including in meteorology, oceanography, geography, hydrology, and environmental science.  

Bridging the gap between the multitude of advanced research articles and the knowledge newcomers to the field are looking for, this is a timely and comprehensive monograph covering the interdisciplinary topic of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). The book not only covers the fundamentals and physico-chemical background of the ICT process, but also places a special emphasis on the latest experimental and theoretical studies that have been undertaken to understand this process and discusses key technological applications. After outlining the discovery of ICT molecules, the authors go on to discuss several important substance classes. They present the latest techniques for studying the underlying processes and show the interplay between charge transfer and the surrounding medium. Examples taken from nonlinear optics, viscosity and polarity sensors, and organic electronics testify to the vast range of applications. The result is a unique information source for experimentalists as well as theoreticians, from postgraduate students to researchers.

With the intriguing development of technologies in several industries along with the advent of accrescent and ubiquitous computational resources, it creates an ample number of opportunities to develop innovative intelligence technologies in order to solve the wide range of uncertainties, imprecision, and vagueness issues in various real-life problems. Hybridizing modern computational intelligence with traditional computing methods has attracted researchers and academicians to focus on developing innovative AI techniques using data science. International Conference on Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (ICDSAI) 2022, organized on April 23-24, 2022 by the Indian Institute of Technology, Patna at NITIE Mumbai (India) in collaboration with the International Association of Academicians (IAASSE) USA collected scientific and technical contributions with respect to models, tools, technologies, and applications in the field of modern Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, covering the entire range of concepts from theory to practice, including case studies, works-in-progress, and conceptual explorations.

Due to various challenges within the public-school system, such as underfunding, lack of resources, and difficulty retaining and recruiting teachers of color, minority students have been found to be underperforming compared to their majority counterparts. Minority students deserve quality public education, which can only happen if the gap in equity and access is closed. In order to close this achievement gap between the majority and minority groups, it is critical to increase the learning gains of the minority students. Digital Games for Minority Student Engagement: Emerging Research and Opportunities is an essential reference source that argues that digital games can potentially help to solve the problems of minority students' insufficient academic preparation, and that a game-based learning environment can help to engage these students with the content and facilitate academic achievement. Featuring research on topics such as education policy, interactive learning, and student engagement, this book is ideally designed for educators, principals, policymakers, academicians, administrators, researchers, and students.

The role humans play in the field of information technology continues to hold relevance even with the industry's rapid growth. People contribute heavily to the physical, cognitive, and organizational domain of computing, yet there is a lack of exploration into this phenomenon. Humanoid aspects of technology require extensive research in order to avoid marginalization and insufficient data. The Handbook of Research on the Role of Human Factors in IT Project Management is a collection of innovative research on the methods and applications of the task of human characteristics in the design and development of new technology. While highlighting topics including digitalization, risk management, and task analysis, this book is ideally designed for IT professionals, managers, support executives, project managers, managing directors, academicians, researchers, and students seeking current research on the dynamics of human influence in technological projects.

In today's digital world, the huge amount of data being generated is unstructured, messy, and chaotic in nature. Dealing with such data, and attempting to unfold the meaningful information, can be a challenging task. Feature engineering is a process to transform such data into a suitable form that better assists with interpretation and visualization. Through this method, the transformed data is more transparent to the machine learning models, which in turn causes better prediction and analysis of results. Data science is crucial for the data scientist to assess the trade-offs of their decisions regarding the effectiveness of the machine learning model implemented. Investigating the demand in this area today and in the future is a necessity. The Handbook of Research on Automated Feature Engineering and Advanced Applications in Data Science provides an in-depth analysis on both the theoretical and the latest empirical research findings on how features can be extracted and transformed from raw data. The chapters will introduce feature engineering and the recent concepts, methods, and applications with the use of various data types, as well as examine the latest machine learning applications on the data. While highlighting topics such as detection, tracking, selection techniques, and prediction models using data science, this book is ideally intended for research scholars, big data scientists, project developers, data analysts, and computer scientists along with practitioners, researchers, academicians, and students interested in feature engineering and its impact on data.

This book provides a comprehensive and balanced description of learning and teaching by connecting it to secondary and higher education teachers' experiences and practices in day-to-day life. Woven around research conducted by educationists, psychologists, and practitioners around the globe, this book presents key concepts and addresses significant discussions and concerns with regard to learning and teaching in the present age. Seeking to help teachers understand learners' learning needs, preferences, and styles and manage their teaching plans, priorities, and practices accordingly, it details the main ideas and emerging practices related to learning and teaching in a very easy to 'read, understand, and practice' way. The first five chapters approach learning from different perspectives, while the next six explain in detail how to practice teaching to maximize learning outcomes. Combining the traditional textbook-style approach of content description with a self-learning approach based on various real-world situations and activities related to both learning and teaching, this textbook is particularly valuable for teachers in school education, higher education, and teacher education. This book is also an essential resource for fulfilling teachers' continuing professional development requirements. Although intended for teachers worldwide, the book especially helps teachers in South Asian countries to improve learning outcomes in their classrooms and, subsequently, the quality of their education systems.

Sir Tony Hoare has had an enormous influence on computer science, from the Quicksort algorithm to the science of software development, concurrency and program verification. His contributions have been widely recognised: He was awarded the ACM's Turing Award in 1980, the Kyoto Prize from the Inamori Foundation in 2000, and was knighted for "services to education and computer science" by Queen Elizabeth II of England in 2000. This book presents the essence of his various works-the quest for effective abstractions-both in his own words as well as chapters written by leading experts in the field, including many of his research collaborators. In addition, this volume contains biographical material, his Turing award lecture, the transcript of an interview and some of his seminal papers. Hoare's foundational paper "An Axiomatic Basis for Computer Programming", presented his approach, commonly known as Hoare Logic, for proving the correctness of programs by using logical assertions. Hoare Logic and subsequent developments have formed the basis of a wide variety of software verification efforts. Hoare was instrumental in proposing the Verified Software Initiative, a cooperative international project directed at the scientific challenges of large-scale software verification, encompassing theories, tools and experiments. Tony Hoare's contributions to the theory and practice of concurrent software systems are equally impressive. The process algebra called Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) has been one of the fundamental paradigms, both as a mathematical theory to reason about concurrent computation as well as the basis for the programming language occam. CSP served as a framework for exploring several ideas in denotational semantics such as powerdomains, as well as notions of abstraction and refinement. It is the basis for a series of industrial-strength tools which have been employed in a wide range of applications. This book also presents Hoare's work in the last few decades. These works include a rigorous approach to specifications in software engineering practice, including procedural and data abstractions, data refinement, and a modular theory of designs. More recently, he has worked with collaborators to develop Unifying Theories of Programming (UTP). Their goal is to identify the common algebraic theories that lie at the core of sequential, concurrent, reactive and cyber-physical computations.