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Signal Transduction in Cancer examines various factors responsible
for the growth of those genetic alteration which results in cancer
in a human body. It includes the meaning of G-Protein-Coupled
Receptors and tyrosine kinase receptors with methods to control
cell cycle. Provide the reader with the insights into the
development of various pathways required to control cell growth and
division, cell death, cell fate, and cell motility.
Proteins are understood to be the main workhorses in the cell,
participating in a wide variety of activities from cell structure
to inter- and intra-cellular transport. This work integrates key
technologies and identifies areas for further development in
proteogenomics. Focuses on a comprehensive approach that combines
large-scale proteomic data with genomic and/or transcriptomics data
in genome annotation refinement and the elucidation of novel
regulatory mechanisms.
Toxicological research targets the identification of risk factors
that trigger harmful effects as a result of exposure, which may
leads to acute illnesses, chronic disease or even immediate death.
It is clear that exposing people intentionally to chemicals is
limited both scientifically and ethically. Therefore, the
assessment of chemical safety is predominantly based on animal
testing as a substitute to study toxic effects of environmental
chemicals in humans. A broad range of animal models have been
developed to test different types and levels of toxicity,
comprising tests for immunotoxicty, carcinogenicity and
reproduction toxicity. In this regard, regulations and policies
have been adopted to enhance the protection of human health and the
environment from the risks that may develop through chemical
exposures. One of the consequences of this regulation is an
enormous increase in the number of laboratory animals needed to
perform such safety evaluations. With this increase, regulations
have been developed with regard to the ethical acceptability of
such tests, leading to a demand for a development of animal free
alternatives. In relation, the completion of the human genome
project and sequencing of the genomes of many other organisms have
opened new tracks in the biological area. Analysis of gene
expression and proteomics have made it mandatory to combine
mathematics, biology and information technology in one
bioinformatics framework, which has been a growing field in recent
years. Applying this technology to toxicology, known as
toxicogenomics, has provided new potentials to the field, including
compound screening for hazards, dose-response assessment,
prediction of sensitivity to toxic agent and assessment of cellular
response to different agents. However, despite the potential
capability of the combination of genomic technologies with
toxicology to improve risk assessment and the predictive
capabilities, still many challenge ahead of the growing field. This
book sheds light on the tools, benefits and applications of this
newly developed field. In addition, an emphasis will be put on
toxicogenomic databases and how they have improved throughout the
last decade. This book discusses: an introduction to toxicogenomics
in Chapter 1 followed by an illustration of the technologies
encompassed in toxicogenomics as described in Chapter 2. This is
followed by a description of study design and data analysis in
Chapter 3. Chapter 4 discusses the current databases of
toxicogenomics in terms of organization, methods of analysis and
pitfalls. Chapter 5 discusses the common applications of
toxicogenomic technologies. Chapter 6 addresses ethical
considerations in the implementation of toxicogenomics and finally
chapter 7 discusses the future directions of toxicogenomics.
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