This volume contains new trends of computational fluid dynamics for the 21st century and consists of papers especially useful to the younger generation of scientists and engineers in this field. Topics include cartesian, gridless and higher-order schemes, and flow-visualization techniques.

The goal of this book is to present the new trend of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for the 21 st Century. It consists of papers presented at a symposium honoring Prof. No buyuki Satofuka on the occasion of his 60th birthday. The symposium entitled Computational Fluid Dynamics fOT the 21st Century was held at Kyoto Institute of Technology (KIT) in Kyoto, Japan on July 15-17,2000. The symposium was hosted by KIT as a memorial event celebrating the 100 year anniversary of this establishment. The invited speakers were from Ja pan as weil as from the international community in Asia, Europe and North America. It is a great pleasure to dedicate this book to Prof. Satofuka in appreciation ofhis contributions to this field. During the last 30 years, Prof. Satofuka made many important contributions to CFD ad vancing the numerics and our understanding of flow physics in different regimes. The details of his contributions are discussed in the first chapter. The book contains chapters covering re lated topics with emphasis on new promising directions for the 21 st Century. The chapters of the book reflect the 10 sessions of the symposium on both the numerics and the applications including grid generation and adaptation, new numerical schemes, optimi zation techniques and parallel computations as weil as applications to multi-sc ale and multi physics problems, design and flow control and new topics beyond aeronautics. In the follow ing, the chapters of the book are introduced."

This book is regarded as the first broadest comparative study to date on modern contract and sales law in the Middle Eastern and Arab countries. In order to do this several sources have been referred to including the most recent scholarship published by different Middle Eastern and Arab authors within the Northern African, the Middle Eastern and Gulf regions. The book also includes a large number of court decisions in the Middle Eastern and Arab countries. The work exhibits the methodology and solutions developed by the Middle Eastern and Arab laws, including those of Islamic law (Shari'a), in the context of a comparative practical approach in order to respond to particular situations relating to the sales contract. This book endeavors to play a major role in legal scholarship in the area of contract and sales law in the Middle Eastern and Arab countries. The method used should be fruitful for any legal researcher and practitioner seeking a clear-cut and direct legal solution to any of the issues covered within the scope of this work.