This book presents select peer-reviewed proceedings of the International Conference on Frontiers in Smart Systems Technologies (ICFSST 2019). It focuses on latest research and cutting-edge technologies in smart systems and intelligent autonomous systems with advanced functionality. Comprising topics related to diverse aspects of smart technologies such as high security, reliability, miniaturization, energy consumption, and intelligent data processing, the book contains contributions from academics as well as industry. Given the range of the topics covered, this book will prove useful for students, researchers, and professionals alike.

This book is a comprehensive presentation of embedded Java security. It is compared with the security model of the Java 2 Standard Edition in order to view the impact of limited resources on security. No other book specifically addresses the topic of embedded Java security. Furthermore, the book provides hints and suggestions as ways for hardening security, and offers researchers and practitioners alike a broader and deeper understanding of the issues involved in embedded Java security, and as a larger view - mobile devices security. The author is a well-known authority and expert in mobile computing and embedded devices.

Environmental pollution is a major problem in developing countries like Egypt. Reuse of waste polymers is considered an attractive solution for environmental white pollution and reducing of the costs of road pavement and maintenance. This work show that how to prepare environmentally friendly hot mix asphalt (HMA) for paving. The prepared mixes consisted of high absorptive aggregate (not used in road paving), marble powder (discarded from workshops and factories) and waste polymers (as asphalt modifiers). To achieve this aim, asphalt cement of penetration grade 60/70 was modified with a percentage ranging from 5 to 15% by weight of spent toner (discarded from photo copier machines), waste polypropylene (discarded from carpet industry) and polyester (discarded from printing and packing industries) separately. The prepared HMA had moderate characteristics compared to ordinary one. Also, high absorptive aggregate and waste products of industry could be used in road construction with net result of decreasing maintenance cost, preservation the premium aggregate for longest period of time and decrease the space needed for land filling of non degradable waste materials.

Mohammed began in the School of Architecture program at King Abdul-Aziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia where he graduated with his Bachelor degree of Architecture in summer of 2007. He is currently pursuing a MRED + U (Master of Real Estate Development and Urbanism), at the University of Miami. He will be graduating in May 2013. He also currently works a part-time job in the linguistic department teaching Arabic. Mohammed, who is a LEED Green Associate, has an aptitude for planning and design and has spent several years studying and practicing. He worked for three years, since he graduated, with JDURC (Jeddah Development and Urban Regeneration Company) as a Developer Engineer for Al-Ruwais project and appraised more than 7,000 properties in Qasr Khozam project. Throughout his career, Mohammed has developed vast personal leadership experience and a strong work ethic.

You design your test, I design my test and every teacher else designs his/her own test in the way he/she likes it ignoring the fact that our tests should be based on certain characteristics. This argument; however, is presented through six chapters. The first chapter introduces language testing in addition to basic concepts. The second chapter presents argumentatively four approaches to language testing (translation approach, psychometric-structuralists approach, integrative approach and communicative approach). The third chapter is guidelines for designing language tests. Both the fourth and fifth chapters are detailed explanation for designing tests to language components (sound system, grammatical structures, and vocabulary) and language skills (listening, reading, speaking, and writing) with provided sample tests for each component and skill (appendix). The sixth chapter is a brief account of general proficiency tests and other ways of language evaluation. The book is best used as an introductory course for undergraduates and/or graduates in the field of language testing and/or evaluation.

Like other fields which have been influenced by technology advancement, the field of language has also made use of such an advancement. The author presents in six chapters the different types of aids which can be used for both teaching and learning language components, language skills and yet culture in relation to language. Moreover, the author accounted for the computer assisted language learning (CALL) and integration between language learning theories and the use of aids for teaching and learning language components and language skills. The book is a textbook that is mainly introduced to both language learners (especially English) and language teachers (especially English again) for it contains exercises, assignments, critical thinking activities, and yet final-term tests. The book is highly recommended as an introductory course of language and technology for undergraduates or maybe to graduates as well.

In contrastive analysis CA, it is assumed that the more similar two languages are, the easier they are; the more different they are, the more difficult they are to learn. On the other hand, in error analysis EA, linguistic errors and/or mistakes made by either L1 or L2 learners have to be discussed broadly and not only in terms of similar and dissimilar linguistic items. In this book, the author presents such argument where in CA is accounted for from both Lado's and Carl James' perspectives, and then detailed explanation of comparing language's components (sound system, grammatical structures, and lexical system) is presented with illustrations from both Standard Arabic and Standard English Languages. Have done so, then EA is accounted for and presented in terms of five phases: data-collection, errors identification, errors classification, errors explanation, and errors evaluation. The last section is a sample study showing the application of Lado's CA hypothesis. The book is presented in a very simple way for both researchers who want to know the steps for conducting a research in either CA or EA, and for readers who want to introduce themselves to CA and EA.

What is amazing among all the growing aspects in a child is language development. None can ignore the fact that, a mother, father other family members or even relatives wait longingly and impatiently for the first moments a child starts producing sounds, words, and even reacting and responding to certain actions and behaviours consciously. Therefore, when it happens that a child (A) is unlike child (B) in terms of linguistic abilities, it is a sign that such a child is abnormal and the sad story will start. That is, individuals who have poor communication skills are clinically diagnosed with pragmatic language impairment due to different types of developmental dysphasia. For that matter, this book presents these two issues where the two topics are synthetically introduced, and assessment tools in the Arabic Language of individuals with PLI and DD, namely the Test of Pragmatic Language TOPL-2, and two subtests from the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals CELF-4 are also presented in three studies: two quasi-experimental and a multiple case-study. Hence, the book is directed to speech and language pathologists along with researchers in clinical, psycho-neuro-bio-linguistics.

Project Report from the year 2002 in the subject Agrarian Studies, grade: -, National Research Center - Agricultral and Biological Research Devision (-), language: English, abstract: High planting density is considered one of the modern management systems in new fruit orchards. Pruning and population adjustment are some of the main way to approach high productivity and good fruit quality under the modern management systems. Pruning is defined as the management of plant structure and fruiting wood and it is considered one of the main factors affecting fruit trees production. There are many objectives for pruning i.e. controlling the direction of growth, developing a strong framework, controlling the amount of growth, improved productiveness, improving quality product, utilizing space efficiently and increasing the usefulness of plant. There are three main systems of fruit trees training (i) Central leader system, (ii) Modified leader system, (iii) Open center or vase system. Also there are several kinds of pruning i.e. heading back and thinning out, fine and coarse pruning and root pruning. However, it is important to select the suitable training system and kind of pruning according to the target of the pruning to reach optimum vegetative growth and maximum yield with high fruit quality. On the other hand, population adjustment (plant distribution or planting density) is very important factor affecting fruit trees production. We can reach the optimum usefulness of the planted area by using best population adjustment of trees in the plantation. Trees can be planted using different systems: - triangle, rectangle, square system.....etc. On the other side, presence of pollinator trees through the orchard is very important for many fruit trees. Pollinator can be planted either in (1) Complete along rows, as one row of pollinator per two or four rows of the main cultivar. (2) The second tree in the second row. (3) The third tree in the third row. (4) Across rows thr