Dijkstra once wrote that computer science is no more about computers than astronomy is about telescopes. Despite the many incredible advances in c- puter science from times that predate practical mechanical computing, there is still a myriad of fundamental questions in understanding the interface between computers and the rest of the world. Why is it still hard to mechanize many tasks that seem to be fundamentally routine, even as we see ever-increasing - pacity for raw mechanical computing? The disciplined study of domain-speci?c languages (DSLs) is an emerging area in computer science, and is one which has the potential to revolutionize the ?eld, and bring us closer to answering this question. DSLs are formalisms that have four general characteristics. - They relate to a well-de?ned domain of discourse, be it controlling tra?c lights or space ships. - They have well-de?ned notation, such as the ones that exist for prescribing music, dance routines, or strategy in a football game. - The informal or intuitive meaning of the notation is clear. This can easily be overlooked, especially since intuitive meaning can be expressed by many di?erent notations that may be received very di?erently by users. - The formal meaning is clear and mechanizable, as is, hopefully, the case for the instructions we give to our bank or to a merchant online.

The production of phosphoric acid by sulfuric acid from high iron content phosphate rocks such as (Abu-Tartur phosphate rocks) has many disadvantages as low quality of produced acid and huge amounts of calcium sulfate. Also traditional process for production of dicalcium phosphate from wet phosphoric acid takes many steps. According to these problems, this work concerned to produce feed grade DCP by direct acidulation of Abu-Tartur phosphate rock with HCl in order to decrease production cost and produce relatively pure phosphoric acid. The leaching of phosphate ore by using dilute HCl was achieved in order to get maximum P2O5 leaching relative to minimum impurities. Kinetic analysis of the data indicates that the leaching process is ash layer diffusion controlled process. The production of DCP from direct acidulate phosphate rock was achieved by precipitating P2O5 by CaCO3. This process has many advantages over the conventional H2SO4 as: decrease production cost. In addition, the production of phosphoric acid from the produced DCP overcomes the traditional production problems and the produced phosphoric acid is more pure than the phosphoric acid produced directly by phosphate ore.

Zadeh (1965), introduced the basic idea of a fuzzy set as an extension of classical set theory. In 1968, Chang was the first to introduce the concept of a fuzzy topology. Kubiak and Sostak (1985) introduced the fundamental concept of a fuzzy topological structure, as an extension of both crisp topology and fuzzy topology, in the sense that not only the objects are fuzzified, but also the axiomatics. Also, Sostak gave some rules and showed how such an extension can be realized. The purpose of this book is to introduce and study some new definitions of fuzzy sets, continuous mappings and separation axioms On Fuzzy Topological Spaces In Sostak's Sence.

E. coli serotype O157: H7 is a rare variety of E. coli, a normal inhabitant of the intestines of all animals, including humans. The pathogen produces large quantities of one or more related potent toxins, called Shiga toxins, which cause severe damage to the lining of the intestine and to other target organs, such as the kidneys. E. coli O157: H7 was first recognized as a cause of illness in 1982 during an outbreak of severe bloody diarrhea that was later traced to contaminated hamburgers. It has since been implicated in a number of outbreaks of intestinal distress. The most severe outcome in the general population is typically hemorrhagic colitis, a prominent symptom of which is bloody diarrhea. Some victims, particularly the very young, may develop hemolytic uremic syndrome. Eating meat, particularly ground beef, that has not been cooked sufficiently to kill E. coli O157: H7 is thought to be the primary cause of infection. Among other known sources of infection are consumption of contaminated sprouts, lettuce, salami, and unpasteurized milk and fruit juice; swimming in or drinking contaminated water; and contact with the stools of infected animals or people

Obesity is a condition in which excess body fat may put a person at the risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. With the growing prevalence of obesity, scientific interest in the biology of adipose tissue [which is the body's largest reserve of fuel] has been extended to the secretory products of adipocytes. In recent years, a line of evidence has demonstrated a much more complex function of adipose tissue, as an endocrine organ that releases hormones into the blood stream to take part in their potential implication in insulin resistance, obesity and diabetes. These adipocytes' specific proteins include adiponectin, leptin and resistin. This study aimed to assess the effect of modest weight loss on serum adipocytokines' changes and hence discover their role as a link between obesity and insulin resistance diabetes.

Space- Time Block Coding (STBC) are used to improve the transmission reliably and spectral efficiency of MIMO systems. The cooperative communication techniques can avoid the difficulties of implementing actual antennas array by converting the single-input single-output (SISO) system into a virtual multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system. When STBC applied to cooperative diversity the system termed as Distributed Space Time Block Code (D-STBC). Most of the existing research assumes perfect synchronization among cooperative users in D-STBC. Unfortunately, perfect synchronization is almost impossible to be achieved. Therefore, most of the designed space-time codes are no longer valid. There are different research efforts to overcome this problem; most of which has high decoding complexity. In this research, two low decoding complexity schemes for imperfect synchronized D-STBC have been proposed. The first scheme is based on the principle of parallel interference cancellation (PIC), whereas the other is based on successive interference cancellation (SIC). These approaches have been proved to be a very effective in suppressing the impact of imperfect synchronization.

A translation from the Sudanese of Taha's major work in which he outlines the main features of his teachings. Mahmoud Mohamed Taha had long been known for his radical reinterpretation of Islam. His reputation, along with his vigorous opposition to the Islamization program, ultimately led to his demise