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This book is devoted to the leading research in applying learning
automaton (LA) and heuristics for solving benchmark and real-world
optimization problems. The ever-increasing application of the LA as
a promising reinforcement learning technique in artificial
intelligence makes it necessary to provide scholars, scientists,
and engineers with a practical discussion on LA solutions for
optimization. The book starts with a brief introduction to LA
models for optimization. Afterward, the research areas related to
LA and optimization are addressed as bibliometric network analysis.
Then, LA's application in behavior control in evolutionary
computation, and memetic models of object migration automata and
cellular learning automata for solving NP hard problems are
considered. Next, an overview of multi-population methods for DOPs,
LA's application in dynamic optimization problems (DOPs), and the
function evaluation management in evolutionary multi-population for
DOPs are discussed. Highlighted benefits * Presents the latest
advances in learning automata-based optimization approaches. *
Addresses the memetic models of learning automata for solving
NP-hard problems. * Discusses the application of learning automata
for behavior control in evolutionary computation in detail. * Gives
the fundamental principles and analyses of the different concepts
associated with multi-population methods for dynamic optimization
problems.
Mohammad Reza Shams is an Assistant Professor in the Department of
English Language and Literature at University of kashan, Iran. He
received his Ph.D. in 2005 from the University of Isfahan, Iran.
His research areas include media discourse, discourse analysis, and
pragmatics
This contributed volume explores and reveals the new developments,
dynamics and recommendations for entrepreneurship education in the
Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Presenting papers by
respected experts in the field, it shares essential insights on the
status quo of entrepreneurial education and training programs, the
characteristics and motivations of early stage entrepreneurs, and
the regional framework conditions in MENA. The book closes with a
bibliometric perspective on the trends in the entrepreneurship
research and education being developed in MENA.
Based on the 4th Seminar on Algebra and its Applications organized
by the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, this volume highlights
recent developments and trends in algebra and its applications.
Selected and peer reviewed, the contributions in this volume cover
areas that have flourished in the last few decades, including
homological algebra, combinatorial algebra, module theory and
linear algebra over rings, multiplicative ideal theory, and
integer-valued polynomials. Held biennially since 2010, SAA
introduces Iranian faculty and graduate students to important ideas
in the mainstream of algebra and opens channels of communication
between Iranian mathematicians and algebraists from around the
globe to facilitate collaborative research. Ideal for graduate
students and researchers in the field, these proceedings present
the best of the seminar's research achievements and new
contributions to the field.
This book begins by briefly explaining learning automata (LA)
models and a recently developed cellular learning automaton (CLA)
named wavefront CLA. Analyzing social networks is increasingly
important, so as to identify behavioral patterns in interactions
among individuals and in the networks' evolution, and to develop
the algorithms required for meaningful analysis. As an emerging
artificial intelligence research area, learning automata (LA) has
already had a significant impact in many areas of social networks.
Here, the research areas related to learning and social networks
are addressed from bibliometric and network analysis perspectives.
In turn, the second part of the book highlights a range of LA-based
applications addressing social network problems, from network
sampling, community detection, link prediction, and trust
management, to recommender systems and finally influence
maximization. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable guide for
all researchers whose work involves reinforcement learning, social
networks and/or artificial intelligence.
This book highlights both theoretical and applied advances in
cellular learning automata (CLA), a type of hybrid computational
model that has been successfully employed in various areas to solve
complex problems and to model, learn, or simulate complicated
patterns of behavior. Owing to CLA's parallel and learning
abilities, it has proven to be quite effective in uncertain,
time-varying, decentralized, and distributed environments. The book
begins with a brief introduction to various CLA models, before
focusing on recently developed CLA variants. In turn, the research
areas related to CLA are addressed as bibliometric network analysis
perspectives. The next part of the book presents CLA-based
solutions to several computer science problems in e.g. static
optimization, dynamic optimization, wireless networks, mesh
networks, and cloud computing. Given its scope, the book is well
suited for all researchers in the fields of artificial intelligence
and reinforcement learning.
This book collects recent theoretical advances and concrete
applications of learning automata (LAs) in various areas of
computer science, presenting a broad treatment of the computer
science field in a survey style. Learning automata (LAs) have
proven to be effective decision-making agents, especially within
unknown stochastic environments. The book starts with a brief
explanation of LAs and their baseline variations. It subsequently
introduces readers to a number of recently developed, complex
structures used to supplement LAs, and describes their steady-state
behaviors. These complex structures have been developed because, by
design, LAs are simple units used to perform simple tasks; their
full potential can only be tapped when several interconnected LAs
cooperate to produce a group synergy. In turn, the next part of the
book highlights a range of LA-based applications in diverse
computer science domains, from wireless sensor networks, to
peer-to-peer networks, to complex social networks, and finally to
Petri nets. The book accompanies the reader on a comprehensive
journey, starting from basic concepts, continuing to recent
theoretical findings, and ending in the applications of LAs in
problems from numerous research domains. As such, the book offers a
valuable resource for all computer engineers, scientists, and
students, especially those whose work involves the reinforcement
learning and artificial intelligence domains.
This book examines economic inequality and social disparity in
Iran, together with their drivers, over the past four decades.
During this period, income distribution and economic welfare were
affected by the 1979 Revolution, the eight-year war with Iraq,
post-war privatization and economic liberalization initiatives
carried out under the Rafsanjani and Khatami administrations, the
ascendance of a populist economic platform under the Ahmadinejad
administration, and the lifting of energy and financial sanctions
under the Rouhani administration. Featuring a mix of scholars,
including Iranian academics who experienced these changes and are
publishing in English for the first time, this collection offers
quantitative and descriptive studies of the country's
post-revolutionary economic development and disparities. In most
chapters, a hypothesis is developed from existing theories or
observations, which is then tested using available data. This
unique combination of new voices, academic as well as personal
experiences, and scientific methods will be a valuable addition to
the library of the scholars of modern Iran's economy and society.
This contributed volume explores and reveals the dynamics,
strengths and weaknesses, trends and implications of
entrepreneurship in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.
Presenting papers by respected experts in the field, it shares
essential insights on the status quo of entrepreneurship and the
opportunities and threats it faces in the MENA region. Topics range
from development of entrepreneurial universities to international
entrepreneurship, as well as emergent topics such as green
entrepreneurship, sustainable entrepreneurship and youth
entrepreneurship.
This book explores the different aspects of energy in human life
especially expressing the advanced technologies in renewable energy
resources. Due to the environmental pollution caused by fossil
fuels and the non-permanent nature of these resources, the move
towards the use of renewable energy has accelerated. In recent
years, many attempts have been made to improve energy systems'
performance by using multi-generation units, and these set-ups have
been analyzed from the perspective of energy, exergy, economics,
and environmental indicators. The book's primary goal is the effort
to introduce new methods for assessing and upgrading the synergy.
Therefore it examines sustainable practices such as
water-energy-food nexus in poly-generation units, novel
desalination systems, and smart greenhouses. One of the significant
issues in these energy systems is the storage methods; for
instance, carbon capture to reduce environmental pollution and the
hydrogen store for the utilization in supplementary fuel. Also,
robust optimization, uncertainty and risk-aware probabilistic
analysis, energy management, and power supply of sensitive places
such as oil rig platforms by renewables are examined.
This book provides a systematic overview of transmission network
investment in liberalized power markets. Recent government policies
to increase the share of intermittent renewable power generation
and other technological innovations present new theoretical as well
as practical challenges for transmission investments. Written by
experts with a background in both economics and engineering, the
book examines the economic and technical fundamentals of regulated
and merchant transmission investment, and includes case studies of
transmission investment in a number of countries. The book is
divided into four parts: Part 1 introduces the basic economics and
engineering of transmission network investment, while Part 2
discusses merchant investment in the transmission network. Part 3
then examines transmission investment coordination and smart grids,
and lastly, Part 4 describes practical experiences of transmission
network investment in power market in various countries.
Since its independence in 1991 Tajikistan has suffered a painful
series of political crises followed by a civil war, still
continuing, whose repercussions extend far beyond its borders. This
work examines the causes of the turmoil, and analyses, through the
case of Tajikistan, social and political dynamics at work
throughout Central Asia. The book is the work of eleven Central
Asian experts from different disciplinary backgrounds, and provides
new insight into questions as varied as clan and local identity,
the political construction of ethnicity and the role of
peacekeeping forces.
Since its independence in 1991, Tajikstan has suffered a series of
political crises followed by a civil war, whose repercussions
extend far beyond its borders. This work examines the causes of the
turmoil, and analyzes, through the case of Tajikstan, social and
political dynamics at work through Central Asia. It offers insight
into questions as varied as clan and local identity, the political
construction of ethnicity and the role of peacekeeping forces. The
first part deals with the difficulty of building a national
identity. It traces the slow and incomplete creation of Tajikstan
during the Soviet period, assesses "perestroika's" unsettling
effect on local power balances, and discusses the struggle between
the old oligarchy and the new elites which have tried to emerge
since independence. The second part deals with foreign influences
on the conflict, with studies of the roles of Russia, Afghanistan,
Pakistan, Iran and Uzbekistan, as well as the potential impact of
the conflict on the stability of the rest of Central Asia. The
third part examines the traumatic humanitarian and human rights
consequences of Tajikstan's fall from the tightrope of post-Soviet
transition.
Precision farming, site infrastructure assessment, hydrologic
monitoring, and environmental investigations a " these are just a
few current and potential uses of near-surface geophysical methods
in agriculture. Responding to the growing demand for this
technology, the Handbook of Agricultural Geophysics supplies a
clear, concise overview of near-surface geophysical methods that
can be used in agriculture and provides detailed descriptions of
situations in which these techniques have been employed.
This book is devoted to the leading research in applying learning
automaton (LA) and heuristics for solving benchmark and real-world
optimization problems. The ever-increasing application of the LA as
a promising reinforcement learning technique in artificial
intelligence makes it necessary to provide scholars, scientists,
and engineers with a practical discussion on LA solutions for
optimization. The book starts with a brief introduction to LA
models for optimization. Afterward, the research areas related to
LA and optimization are addressed as bibliometric network analysis.
Then, LA's application in behavior control in evolutionary
computation, and memetic models of object migration automata and
cellular learning automata for solving NP hard problems are
considered. Next, an overview of multi-population methods for DOPs,
LA's application in dynamic optimization problems (DOPs), and the
function evaluation management in evolutionary multi-population for
DOPs are discussed. Highlighted benefits * Presents the latest
advances in learning automata-based optimization approaches. *
Addresses the memetic models of learning automata for solving
NP-hard problems. * Discusses the application of learning automata
for behavior control in evolutionary computation in detail. * Gives
the fundamental principles and analyses of the different concepts
associated with multi-population methods for dynamic optimization
problems.
Electromagnetics is too important in too many fields for knowledge
to be gathered on the fly. Knowing how to apply theoretical
principles to the solutions of real engineering problems and the
development of new technologies and solutions is critical.
Engineering Electromagnetics: Applications provides such an
understanding, demonstrating how to apply the underlying physical
concepts within the particular context of the problem at hand.
Comprising chapters drawn from the critically acclaimed Handbook of
Engineering Electromagnetics, this book supplies a focused
treatment covering radar, wireless, satellite, and optical
communication technologies. It also introduces various numerical
techniques for computer-aided solutions to complex problems,
emerging problems in biomedical applications, and techniques for
measuring the biological properties of materials. Here is what the
critics have to say about the original work, Concerned with a
number of important electromagnetic applications, the
bio-electromagnetics chapters are particularly well equipped with
references. currently have a need to address, have certainly been
valuable to me. This book will therefore provide a useful resource
for many engineers working in applied electromagnetics,
particularly those in the early stages of their careers. - Alastair
R. Ruddle, The IEE Online. The book] is a tour of practical
electromagnetics written by industry experts, it fills a niche
covering many industrial electromagnetic applications. Overall Dr.
Bansal's handbook is a very useful and well-written compendium. -
Alfy Riddle, IEEE Microwave Magazine. Engineering Electromagnetics:
Applications shares the broad experiences of leading experts
regarding modern problems in electromagnetics.
This book highlights both theoretical and applied advances in
cellular learning automata (CLA), a type of hybrid computational
model that has been successfully employed in various areas to solve
complex problems and to model, learn, or simulate complicated
patterns of behavior. Owing to CLA's parallel and learning
abilities, it has proven to be quite effective in uncertain,
time-varying, decentralized, and distributed environments. The book
begins with a brief introduction to various CLA models, before
focusing on recently developed CLA variants. In turn, the research
areas related to CLA are addressed as bibliometric network analysis
perspectives. The next part of the book presents CLA-based
solutions to several computer science problems in e.g. static
optimization, dynamic optimization, wireless networks, mesh
networks, and cloud computing. Given its scope, the book is well
suited for all researchers in the fields of artificial intelligence
and reinforcement learning.
As control systems become more complex and are expected to perform
tasks in unknown and extreme environments, they may be subject to
various types of faults in their sensors, actuators or other
components. It is crucial to be able to diagnose the occurrence of
faults and to repair them in order to maintain, guarantee, and
improve the overall safety, reliability, and performance of the
systems. This book addresses the design challenges of developing
and implementing novel integrated fault diagnosis and control
technologies for complex linear systems. Integrated Fault Diagnosis
and Control Design of Linear Complex Systems considers linear
time-invariant (LTI) systems under both time- and event-triggered
frameworks. The book initially develops novel methodologies for the
problem of integrated fault diagnosis and control of LTI systems to
address current design challenges. The results obtained are then
extended to a number of complex linear systems, specifically to
Markovian jump systems as well as to cooperative multi-agent
systems.
This contributed volume explores and reveals the dynamics,
strengths and weaknesses, trends and implications of
entrepreneurship in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.
Presenting papers by respected experts in the field, it shares
essential insights on the status quo of entrepreneurship and the
opportunities and threats it faces in the MENA region. Topics range
from development of entrepreneurial universities to international
entrepreneurship, as well as emergent topics such as green
entrepreneurship, sustainable entrepreneurship and youth
entrepreneurship.
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