Somali people speak quite a number of languages and dialects, Maay and Mahaa being the lingua franca of the majority. In 1972, the latter was put in a written format and became the national language of the country. This experiment alienated the other Somali languages and produced tremendous disenchantment, particularly on the part of the Maay speakers. In 2003, however, the Somali Peace and Reconciliation Conference at Mbegathi, Kenya, acknowledged that Maay will be another official language of the Somali Republic. This English-Maay Dictionary is the first experiment exploring the roots of Maay language and its relationship to the other Somali dialects as well the Kushitic family of languages in the Horn of Africa. The dictionary provides over 15,000 of the most frequently used words in Maay and their English translations, with numerous examples of their every day usage. The dictionary is a vital addition to reference collections supporting undergraduate and graduate programs on African and Middle Eastern Studies. It is also an essential tool for non-Somali case workers such as those in refugee camps, immigration and naturalization officials or lawyers dealing with Somali asylum seekers. It is equally a vital tool for interpreters and translators working on court cases, hospitals and legal papers as well as for public school teachers on ESL programs that teach Maay- speaking children in English- speaking countries. ________________________________________________ Dr. Mohamed Haji Mukhtar is Professor of African and Middle Eastern History at the College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, Savannah State University, USA. He is the author of many scholarly books and articles including Historical Dictionary of Somalia (2003). Dr. Mukhtar, a native Maay speaker, is fluent in Mahaa, English, Arabic, Italian and some Asiatic languages such as Bahasa Malaysia. Omar Moalim Ahmed is a data processing coordinator at Quality Education Data, a Scholastic Company in Denver, Colorado, USA. An agricultural economist, Mr. Ahmed has worked as a research fellow in socioeconomic baseline study for Bay Region Agricultural Development Project (BRADP) and Juba Environment & Socioeconomic Studies (JESS). A native speaker of Maay and fluent in Mahaa, Arabic and English, Omar is also co-author of the book: Custom Rates for Farm and Ranch Operations in Wyoming, 1995-1996,

Despite advances in modern communication and the proliferation of information, there remain areas of the world about which little is known. One such place is Somalia. The informed public is aware of a political meltdown and consequent chaos there, but few comprehend the causes of this tragic crisis. This new edition covers Somalia's origin, history, culture, and language, as well as current economic and political issues. The alphabetical arrangement of this Dictionary, with a complete chronology, list of acronyms, and in-depth bibliography provide useful information about the country in a convenient format. A vital addition to reference collections supporting undergraduate and graduate programs on Africa and the Middle East, international relations, and economics- a useful fact-filled compendium for government and public libraries, NGO's, and other special libraries

This book is a critical reposition of the study of military regimes in Africa. Documenting and delving deep into the reign and rule of General Mohamed Siad Barre regime in Somalia from 1969 up to 1991, the book puts emphasis on African agencies-ostensibly shaped by external beneficiaries and patrons-over what went wrong with Africa after the much-awaited post-colonial period. It does so by critically engaging with the wider theoretical and conceptual frameworks in African Studies which more often than not tend to attribute the post-colonial African State raptures to colonialism. The main thesis of the book is that colonialism left Africa on its own space wherein African leaders could have made a difference. By putting discrete perspectives into historical context, the book circumnavigates through comparative and comprehensive holistic approach to the Siad Barre regime to reveal how colonialism did not produce less than what criminalisation of the State resulted in Somalia. This empirical analysis is crucial to understanding the contemporary conundrum facing the Somali world today. The argument is that the contemporary conflicts are not only attributable to-but also because of-the past plunders of the post-colonial leaders trained by the departed colonial authorities. Employing nuanced analytic concepts and categories, the aim of the book is to refine the past to recapture the present and envision the future. Framing new ways of analyzing military regimes in Africa begins with (re)assessment of how the Siad Barre regime was previously approached. Marshalling extensive and extraordinary amount of sources, the book unveils the intricacies and contradictions of the dictatorship and its impact on the Somali psyche. The book locates the evolution of the regime within the wider context of the Cold War political contestation between the East and the West. Unparalleled in-depth and analysis, this book is the first full-length scholarly study of the Siad Barre regime systematically explaining the politics and process of the dictatorial rule. The historicity of exploring Somali State trajectory entails employing a Braudelian longue duree approach. Thus, three interrelated sets of contexts/questions inform the study: how Siad Barre himself came into power, how he ruled and maintained his authoritarian reign over the Somalis and who had assisted him from inside and outside the Somali world.

This new edition is a hands-on guide for developers and administrators who want to use the power and flexibility of Couchbase Server 4.0 in their applications. The second edition extends coverage of N1QL, the SQL-like query language for Couchbase. It also brings coverage of multiple new features, including the new generation of client SDKs, security and LDAP integration, secondary indexes, and multi-dimensional scaling. Pro Couchbase Server covers everything you need to develop Couchbase solutions and deploy them in production. The NoSQL movement has fundamentally changed the database world in recent years. Influenced by the growing needs of web-scale applications, NoSQL databases such as Couchbase Server provide new approaches to scalability, reliability, and performance. Never have document databases been so powerful and performant. With the power and flexibility of Couchbase Server, you can model your data however you want, and easily change the data model any time you want. Pro Couchbase Server shows what is possible and helps you take full advantage of Couchbase Server and all the performance and scalability that it offers. Helps you design and develop a document database using Couchbase Server. Covers the latest features such as the N1QL query language. Gives you the tools to scale out your application as needed.

Distinguishing physical punishment from child physical abuse is considered one of the most contentious issues among Child Protection practitioners in the UK. This becomes even more complex when it is associated with culture and parenting practices. In most Black African and other Minority Communities, physical punishment is considered an integral part of parenting. Most parents using such method are often unsure of the extent to which physical punishment of children becomes unlawful and how far does such a law mitigate against their culture and parenting practices. This small-scale study attempted to explore these dilemas and to try to understand the attitudes and experiences of african prents in using physical punishment as a parenting method. The study also oulined the current UK legislation and the emerging debates among child protection practitioners and pro- parent organisations. The study concludes by drawing out the relevant implications for Social Workers practise from an intercultural Learning perspective.