This textbook encompasses the essential topics on the subject that all clinicians need to know for the effective management of their patients. It has four sections each for ventilation, fluids and electrolytes, blood gases, and miscellaneous. Each section starts with applied physiology and then covers routine as well as advance topics related to ventilation, fluids, and electrolytes in critically ill adult patients. The miscellaneous section covers enteral and parenteral nutrition, immunonutrition, blood product transfusion, and care of potential organ donor in the intensive care unit (ICU). There are also chapters on common problems such as the approach to the patient with hypoxemia, hypercapnia, hypovolemia, electrolyte abnormalities, and acid-base disturbances. Covers all essential aspects, from applied physiology to advanced care, related to ventilation, fluids, and electrolytes in critically ill adult patients. Based on common problems like the approach to the patient with hypoxemia, hypercapnia, hypovolemia, electrolyte abnormalities, and acid-base disturbances. Chapters start with a case scenario, followed by structured description of the problem, and in the end discussion about the index case. Figures, tables, and flowcharts have been used throughout the chapters. At the end of each chapter, a few salient points are given to emphasis on the important area of the particular topic. Useful for trainees as well as consultants of various clinical specialties who manage critically ill adult patients, including critical care medicine, emergency medicine, pulmonary medicine, and anesthesiology.