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Examining Chinese-North African relations through the lens of
President Xi Jinping's Silk Road grand strategy, this book offers a
comprehensive analysis of emerging strategic and economic
partnerships in the Maghreb region. China's 'Belt and Road
Initiative' (BRI) is one of the most ambitious infrastructure
projects in modern history. This book argues that the BRI framework
is vital in understanding the shifting balance of power within the
Maghreb region and between the North African countries, the EU, the
US, and China. It is argued that an increasing interdependence can
be observed between China and the Maghreb in energy, construction,
infrastructure building, political ties, trade and investments,
financial integration, people-to-people bonds, and defence. The
author reveals the complexities and challenges of Beijing's BRI,
exploring how this synergy will shape the Maghreb in the future.
Additionally, the book argues that the balance of global politics
will be critically affected by these emerging partnerships. The
book will be of particular interest to students and academics
focused on interstate dynamics and foreign policy in the West Asia
and North Africa (WANA) region, but in its global ramifications the
book is also much-needed reading for those working in International
Relations, Politics and Economics, and Public Policy.
The first International Conference on Engineering Solutions and
Sustainable Development which is organized by the University of
Miskolc, Hungary is a significant and timely initiative creating
the capacity of engineering students, educators, practicing
engineers and industries to demonstrate values, problem solving
skills, knowledge, and attitude that are required to apply the
principles of sustainable development throughout their professional
career. The aim of the ICESSD conference was creating an
interdisciplinary platform for researchers and practitioners to
present and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, and
concerns as well as practical challenges encountered and solutions
adopted in the fields of Technical and Environmental Science. The
conference covers the following topics: Process Engineering,
Modelling and Optimisation Sustainable and Renewable Energy and
Energy Engineering Waste Management and Reverse Logistics
Environmental Management and Ecodesign Circular Economy and Life
Cycle Approaches Smart Manufacturing and Smart Buildings Innovation
and Efficiency Earth Science Academics, scientists, researchers and
professionals from different countries and continents have
contributed to this book.
The Peoples Republic of China (PRC) diplomatic engagement with the
Middle East spans multiple dimensions, including trade and
investment, the energy sector, and military cooperation. Connecting
China through the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean and Europe, the
Middle East is a unique geostrategic location for Beijing, a
critical source of energy resources, and an area of expanding
economic ties. The Middle East geographical and political area is
subject to different country inclusion interpretations that have
changed over time and reflect complex and multifaceted
circumstances involving conflict, religion, ethnicity, and
language. China considers most Arab League member countries (as
well as Israel, Turkey, and Iran) as representing the Middle East.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and official Chinese publications
refer to this region as Xiya beifei (West Asia and North Africa).
China sees the Middle East as an intrinsic part of its Belt and
Road Initiative (BRI), and has ramped up investment in the region
accordingly, focusing on energy (including nuclear power),
infrastructure construction, agriculture, and finance. This book
uses the BRI as a framework for analyzing ChinaMiddle East
relations, with special emphasis on the PRCs strategic partnerships
via regional mutual interdependency in various sectors such as
energy, infrastructure building, political ties, trade and
investment, financial integration, people to people bonding, and
defense. A stable Middle East region is vital for Chinas
sustainable growth and continued prosperity. As the worlds largest
oil consumer with an ambition to expand its economic and political
influence, the Middle Easts geostrategic location and holder of
most of the worlds known energy resources make it indispensable to
the success of the Belt and Road Initiative.
The first International Conference on Engineering Solutions and
Sustainable Development which is organized by the University of
Miskolc, Hungary is a significant and timely initiative creating
the capacity of engineering students, educators, practicing
engineers and industries to demonstrate values, problem solving
skills, knowledge, and attitude that are required to apply the
principles of sustainable development throughout their professional
career. The aim of the ICESSD conference was creating an
interdisciplinary platform for researchers and practitioners to
present and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, and
concerns as well as practical challenges encountered and solutions
adopted in the fields of Technical and Environmental Science. The
conference covers the following topics: Process Engineering,
Modelling and Optimisation Sustainable and Renewable Energy and
Energy Engineering Waste Management and Reverse Logistics
Environmental Management and Ecodesign Circular Economy and Life
Cycle Approaches Smart Manufacturing and Smart Buildings Innovation
and Efficiency Earth Science Academics, scientists, researchers and
professionals from different countries and continents have
contributed to this book.
Since China announced the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013,
the Gulf States have regarded it as a means for diversifying their
national economies in order to reduce dependence on oil revenues
and to achieve their national development strategy. The Persian
Gulf region has a significant role in the successful implementation
of BRI. Emerging strategic, diplomatic and financial partnerships
will enable China to control the flow of its exports to world
markets. The BRI has five major goals: Policy coordination,
facilities connectivity, free trade, financial integration, and
people-to-people bonds. Facilities connectivity, which focuses on
transportation and energy infrastructure, is the initiatives
priority. The integration between the national development plans of
Gulf monarchies, the economic reconstruction plans of Iraq and
Iran, and the new economic goals of Saudi Arabia, with Chinas Belt
and Road vision have converged to bring forward opportunities. The
implementation of the new Silk Road strategy will unleash a
regional infrastructure boom by connecting China with Asia, Europe,
and Africa by land and sea, boosting renminbi internationalization.
Nevertheless, there are challenges that could complicate the
envisaged bilateral partnerships. Saudi Arabia: The strategic
synergy between the BRI and Saudi Vision 2030 has forged a joint
economic development path, but external conflicts (Yemen, Iran)
could derail plans. Iran: While Tehran has a special geographical
status in West Asia, Washingtons decision to withdraw from the Iran
nuclear agreement might create Sino-Iranian trade barriers. The
UAE: In July 2018 bilateral relations were elevated to a
comprehensive strategic partnership. The synergy between the BRI
and UAE Vision 2021 is multifaceted trade, energy, infrastructure
and logistics, financial services, military ties, tourism and
cultural cooperation but very complex. Most of the Gulf States are
governed by monarchies, are at the primary stage of
industrialization, and are susceptible to US and European
influence. The challenges Chinas ascendancy poses for the US, and
the inevitable geopolitical fight back, in conjunction with Gulf
regional turbulence, mean that the BRI project will face
substantive challenges in the years ahead.
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is emerging as a vital lynch-pin
in China's efforts to establish a maritime and continental zone of
influence in the Indo-Pacific region. The Belt and Road Initiative
and the Future of Regional Order in the Indo-Pacific interrogates
to what extent BRI represents an achievable vision of a
China-centric order in Asia and explores its major security
implications for the region. The contributions to this volume
provide up-to-date analysis of the effect of BRI on the region's
foreign policy and alliance patterns, its connection to
geo-economics and domestic Chinese politics, and the policy
responses of key Indo-Pacific actors. While acknowledging that BRI
remains prey to a variety of internal and exogenous shocks, the
contributors conclude that at the very least BRI will continue to
disrupt the existing alignments of economic and strategic interests
in the Indo-Pacific and that on this minimal basis BRI will likely
be judged a success by China. For regional actors, however, the BRI
simultaneously enhances choice while presenting strategic and
economic risks of greater dependency on China - a dilemma
intensified by the disruptive effects of the Trump administration
on regional confidence in the longevity of American commitments and
leadership.
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is emerging as a vital lynch-pin
in China's efforts to establish a maritime and continental zone of
influence in the Indo-Pacific region. The Belt and Road Initiative
and the Future of Regional Order in the Indo-Pacific interrogates
to what extent BRI represents an achievable vision of a
China-centric order in Asia and explores its major security
implications for the region. The contributions to this volume
provide up-to-date analysis of the effect of BRI on the region's
foreign policy and alliance patterns, its connection to
geo-economics and domestic Chinese politics, and the policy
responses of key Indo-Pacific actors. While acknowledging that BRI
remains prey to a variety of internal and exogenous shocks, the
contributors conclude that at the very least BRI will continue to
disrupt the existing alignments of economic and strategic interests
in the Indo-Pacific and that on this minimal basis BRI will likely
be judged a success by China. For regional actors, however, the BRI
simultaneously enhances choice while presenting strategic and
economic risks of greater dependency on China - a dilemma
intensified by the disruptive effects of the Trump administration
on regional confidence in the longevity of American commitments and
leadership.
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