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This book presents a probabilistic approach to studying the
fundamental role of labor in capitalist economies and develops a
non-deterministic theoretical framework for the foundations of
political economy. By applying the framework to real-world data,
the authors offer new insights into the dynamics of growth, wages,
and accumulation in capitalist development around the globe. The
book demonstrates that a probabilistic political economy based on
labor inputs enables us to describe central organizing principles
in modern capitalism. Starting from a few basic assumptions, it
shows that the working time of employees is the main regulating
variable for determining strict numerical limits on the rate of
economic growth, the range of wages, and the pace of accumulation
under the present global economic system. This book will appeal to
anyone interested in how the capitalist mode of production works
and its inherent limitations; in particular, it will be useful to
scholars and students of Marxian economics. "Emmanuel Farjoun and
Moshe Machover, follow up their pathbreaking work on the
application of statistical physics methods to political economy in
this book with David Zachariah, in which they develop methods for
making educated and structured estimates of stylized facts
applicable to capitalist economies. There's a lot for economists
and anyone interested in the political economy of capitalism to
learn from their reasoning on these issues, including their novel
and challenging suggestion of bounds on the rates of increase of
use-value productivity of labor, and on the range of variation of
the wage share." Duncan K. Foley, Leo Model Professor of Economics,
New School for Social Research
Both theoretical and empirical aspects of single- and multi-winner
voting procedures are presented in this collection of papers.
Starting from a discussion of the underlying principles of
democratic representation, the volume includes a description of a
great variety of voting procedures. It lists and illustrates their
susceptibility to the main voting paradoxes, assesses (under
various models of voters' preferences) the probability of
paradoxical outcomes, and discusses the relevance of the
theoretical results to the choice of voting system.
This book is the first of its kind: a monograph devoted to a
systematic critical examination and exposition of the theory of a
priori voting power. This important branch of social-choice theory
overlaps with game theory and is concerned with the ability of
members in bodies that make yes or no decisions by vote to affect
the outcome. The book includes, among other topics, a reasoned
distinction between two fundamental types of voting power, the
authors' discoveries on the paradoxes of voting power, and a novel
analysis of decision rules that admit abstention. Formal
mathematical statements are accompanied by reader-friendly informal
explanations. The theory is applied and illustrated in extensive
case studies. A series of US court cases concerning the application
of the principle of 'one person, one vote' are critically examined
in the light of the theory. The history of 'qualified majority
voting' in the European Community's Council of Ministers is
outlined and the distribution of voting power under this rule is
analysed for each period of the community's growth. The measurement
of voting power where abstention is a distinct option is
illustrated with the examples of the US Congress and the UN
Security Council. This important book breaks new ground and will be
of interest to students and researchers in social choice, game
theory, and in related disciplines such as political economy,
business administration and constitutional law.
These essays, written between 1966 and 2010 by lifelong Israeli
activist and theorist Moshe Machover, cover diverse aspects of
Israeli society and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Elaborating
on the ideas of the Socialist Organization in Israel (Matzpen), two
interrelated themes appear throughout the collection: the necessity
of understanding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in a regional
context and the connection between Palestinian liberation and the
struggle for socialism throughout the Middle East.
A defining work of Econophysics, republished for the first time
since 1983, Laws of Chaos is an attempt to construct a
non-deterministic theoretical framework for the foundations of
political economy. It relies on probabilistic and statistical
methods of the kind used in the modern foundations of several other
sciences, introducing scientific modelling into economics for the
first time.
In this introduction to set theory and logic, the author discusses first order logic, and gives a rigorous axiomatic presentation of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. He includes many methodological remarks and explanations, and demonstrates how the basic concepts of mathematics can be reduced to set theory. He explains concepts and results of recursion theory in intuitive terms, and reaches the limitative results of Skolem, Tarski, Church and Gödel (the celebrated incompleteness theorems). For students of mathematics and philosophy, this book provides an excellent introduction to logic and set theory.
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