Hydrothermal method was used for the preparation of tin oxide nanoparticles in the presence of isoamyl alcohol as solvent for surface directing agent. The effect of varying concentration of precursor and solvent was studied while other parameter like time and temperature were kept constant throughout the experiments. The nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope and Thermal Gravimetric analysis. Functional groups was confirmed by FTIR. Particle size was calculated by XRD analysis as well as TEM images while TGA gave information about the percentage weight loss with change in temperature. Morphology of particles was determined through SEM images. SnO2 nanoparticles were used as photocatalysts for the degradation of Methyl Green (MG), which is an abundant organic pollutant of industrial waste water. Degradation of MG under UV-Vis was also confirmed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). It was found that nanoparticles synthesized at different dielectric constant of solvent greatly influenced the rate of degradation.

Tin oxide nanoparticles were prepared by hydrothermal method using octadecylamine surfactant as a templating agent. The synthesis was carried out at different concentration of surfactant keeping all other reaction conditions constant i.e time, intensity and temperature. The particle size decreases with the increase in concentration of surfactant up to critical micelle concentration (CMC). After CMC, increase in particle size occured with the increase in concentration of surfactant and this was attributed to the formation of micelles. The nanoparticles were applied as nanocatalyst under UV and visible light for the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye, which is an environmental hazardous material of industrial waste water. The graphs of pseudo first order were plotted as a function of irradiation time to quantify the degradation activity. The nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and TGA (Thermogravimeteric Analysis).

Summary: Materials are the essential part of our daily life and civilizations have been known by the materials they introduced. As the science progressed, scientists used the different combinations of material to enhance their properties to cope with new challenges and requirements. Alloys are also the combination of different materials specifically of metals. In early ages Iron and their alloys were used in the manufacturing heavy machineries. Gradually elements of lighter weight replaced the ferrous material like Alloys of Mg and Al. The main focus of this book will be on Aluminum Alloys specifically on Aluminum Alloy 2024. Aluminium alloys called super alloys because of their preferable mechanical and chemical properties for wide range of applications and uses. 2024 aluminium alloy was fabricated by taking percentage weight composition of Al-Cu-Mg-Zn.Corrosion tests were performed in 0.1M NaCl, 1% aqua regia and 5% aqua regia, 1% Potassium Dichromate solution and weight change was recorded in different intervals of time. Corrosion rate was studied by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and morphological studies was accomplished by using Optical Microscopy.

Vitamin C is well known for its role in fighting off the common cold, infections, heart diseases and cancer where it serves as an antioxidant. It acts as reducing agent that is able to keep iron ions in the more readily absorbed ferrous (Fe(II)) form, which facilitates the absorption of nonhemic iron from the gastrointestinal tract. This book provides maximum information about the kinetics and thermodynamics in a systematic manner regarding influences of different factors such as temperature and pH on the rate of oxidation of vitamin C by ferric chloride hexahydrate in the absence and the presence of surfactant. The book is presented in different chapters with very simple, easy and allusive way. In the beginning of this book, the general introduction about vitamin C and surfactant has been discussed in chapter 1. Chapter 2 describes the literature review about the published information regarding the oxidation of vitamin C. Materials & methods and results & discussion have been described in chapters 3 and 4, respectively. The figures, tables and graphs have been given in order to clarify various points.

Radioisotopes have found wide use in chemistry because of their distinctive qualities. The case with which a radioisotope is detected and the precision, with which it can be measured, even in minute quantities, leads to not only its use as analytical tool of great versatility but the phenomenon like co-precipitation, solvent extraction, chromatographic and ion exchange methods, surface absorption, mechanism of inorganic and organic reactions, structural confirmations, all can be investigated. At present there are up to 200 radioisotopes used on a regular basis, and most must be produced artificially. There are several books available written by persons of international fame in this field. This presentation has emerged from the author's lectures given during various physical chemistry courses in the last many years and presented in a simple way so that the students would be better equipped for mastering any advanced level course in the field of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry. This book covers the following topics: Nuclear decay, Radioisotopes, Kinetics of decay, Radioactive measurements, Statistics, Chemical effects, Mossbauer spectroscopy, Chemical applications, and Hazards.