Very few studies have been conducted to explore the vulnerability of women in the context of climate change. This book addresses this absence by investigating the structure of women's livelihoods and coping capacity in a disaster vulnerable coastal area of Bangladesh. The research findings suggest that the distribution of livelihood capitals of vulnerable women in rural Bangladesh is heavily influenced by several climatic events, such as cyclones, floods and seasonal droughts that periodically affect the region. Women face several challenges in their livelihoods, including vulnerability to their income, household assets, lives and health, food security, education, water sources, sanitation and transportation systems, because of ongoing climate change impacts. The findings have important policy relevance for all involved in disaster and risk management, both within Bangladesh and the developing countries facing climate change impacts. Based on the research findings, the book also provides recommendations to improving the livelihoods of women in the coastal communities. This book will appeal to academics, researchers and professionals in environmental management, gender and development, and climate change governance looking at the effects of and adaptation to climate change, gender issues and natural disaster management strategies.

Very few studies have been conducted to explore the vulnerability of women in the context of climate change. This book addresses this absence by investigating the structure of women's livelihoods and coping capacity in a disaster vulnerable coastal area of Bangladesh. The research findings suggest that the distribution of livelihood capitals of vulnerable women in rural Bangladesh is heavily influenced by several climatic events, such as cyclones, floods and seasonal droughts that periodically affect the region. Women face several challenges in their livelihoods, including vulnerability to their income, household assets, lives and health, food security, education, water sources, sanitation and transportation systems, because of ongoing climate change impacts. The findings have important policy relevance for all involved in disaster and risk management, both within Bangladesh and the developing countries facing climate change impacts. Based on the research findings, the book also provides recommendations to improving the livelihoods of women in the coastal communities. This book will appeal to academics, researchers and professionals in environmental management, gender and development, and climate change governance looking at the effects of and adaptation to climate change, gender issues and natural disaster management strategies.

This book applies a gendered lens to evaluate the dynamic linkages between climate change and livelihoods in developing countries. It examines how climate change affects women and men in distinct ways, and what the implications are for earning income and accessing the natural, social, economic, and political resources required to survive and thrive. The book's contributing authors analyze the gendered impact of climate change on different types of livelihoods, in distinct contexts, including urban and rural, and in diverse geographic locations, including Asia, Africa and the Caribbean. It focuses on understanding how public policies and power dynamics shape gendered vulnerabilities and impacts, how gender influences coping and adaptation mechanisms, and how civil society organizations incorporate gender into their climate advocacy strategies. This book: -Provides cutting-edge scholarship on an underrepresented area of climate change: the gendered impacts of climate change on livelihoods. -Covers a range of different types of livelihoods and geographic locations. -Involves contributors from a diverse array of cultural and scholarly backgrounds, bringing contrasting perspectives to the topic. This book is recommended for scholars, students, and practitioners who study or work in fields such as climate change, gender, livelihoods, public policy, economic development, and agriculture.

The plant Setaria italica (Family: Poaceae) has been studied for the evaluation of pharmacological activities of the extractives The crude ethanolic extract and its different fractions were screened for various pharmacological properties. In acetic acid induced writhing method, ethanolic crude extract and carbon tetrachloride fraction showed promising analgesic activity. In radiant heat tail-flicking test, anti-nociceptive effect of crude ethanolic extract was found to be moderately significant (with 52-55% elongation of tail flicking time, p>0.01). Ethanolic crude extract (10.33 g/ml), chloroform (11.12 g/ml), carbon tetrachloride (15.25 g/ml) and pet ether (12.49 g/ml) fractions have shown potent free radical scavenging activity. The crude extract also gave significant cytotoxic, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity."

Out of 1500 nasopharyngeal swab samples collected from patients who were admitted to different maternity clinics in Dhaka city, 111 optochin resistant strains were isolated. As a confirmatory test of Streptococcus pneumoniae, i.e., Bile solubility was checked. A total of 37 optochin resistant bile soluble isolates were obtained, designated as optochin resistant bile soluble S. pneumoniae as other - hemolytic streptococci are not bile soluble. For further identification, bile soluble isolates were subjected to PCR of the lytA gene specific for S. pneumonia an 32 (87%) isolates were found to be lytA positive. Thus, it can be suggested that for confirmatory identification of S. pneumoniae, bile solubility test together with PCR of lytA gene should be carried out in routine microbilogical investigation. Antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed multiple drug resistance among the organisms. About 64.86% were resistant to more than three agents (multi drug resistant). Higher MIC values were obtained for azithromycin ( 256 microg/ml), erythromycin ( 256 microg/ml) and ciprofloxacin ( 8 microg/ml) considering the CLSI break point.

Strains of Salmonella Paratyphi A isolated from the patients admitted to the diarrhoea treatment center of ICDDR, B were characterized both at the phenotypic and genotypic levels. Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that 61% of the strains (n = 19) were sensitive to all the antibiotics used for empirical treatment of paratyphoid fever and 32% strains (n = 10) were resistant only to nalidixic acid. Most of the strains that showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, having elevated MIC value (0.5ug/ml). A point mutation in the gyrA gene was observed at codon 83 (TCC to TTC), which substitutes phenylalanine for. This clearly indicates that a significant number of the S. Paratyphi A strains with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin has been evolved. Of 31 strains, 16 (52%) of S. Paratyphi A strains harbored 35 MDa middle-ranged and non-conjugative plasmid. Pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed that most of the strains (83%) were clonal regardless of antimicrobial sensitivity patterns.