The Islamic financial industry is expanding rapidly into non-Muslim countries including Western Europe. The author analyses what the prospects of success for an Islamic mode of banking and finance in Germany are at the retail level. The quantitative study revealed that two-thirds of respondents were willing to switch to Islamic banking, and that Giro and savings bank accounts and mortgage financing products and services were most desired by the respondents. The qualitative study showed that the success of Islamic Banking and Finance in the United Kingdom is mainly due to the proactive role taken by regulators and London's role as an international financial center. Germany's regulatory model is different than that of the United Kingdom in that there are no market entry barriers, and the success of Islamic banking in Germany will largely depend on the operating model of Islamic financial institutions.

Central Bank Digital Currencies and Global Financial System: Theory and Practice is the perfect book for anyone interested in the impact of digital currencies on the global financial system, providing valuable insights and analysis on the topic. The topic of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) is particularly relevant in 2023 because the use of digital currencies is rapidly growing around the world, and many central banks are exploring the idea of developing their own CBDCs. This book offers readers an opportunity to gain a better understanding of CBDCs, including their history, differences with cryptocurrencies, and the potential impact of CBDCs on the future of the financial system. The book’s didactic approach breaks down complex topics into easily digestible chapters, allowing readers to easily understand and follow the progression of digital currencies. For those interested in the future of digital currencies, the book offers a chapter on future research directions and concluding remarks. Central Bank Digital Currencies and Global Financial System: Theory and Practice is a must-read for anyone interested in the intersection of finance and technology. By exploring the evolution of digital currencies and their impact on the global financial system, this book provides valuable insights for policymakers, financial professionals, and anyone looking to understand the future of money.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the behavioral problems in the disabled students, thus explaining the poor social and behavioral functioning associated with learning disabilities and emotional disturbances. Students with physical disabilities were used as sample for the purpose of study. A checklist of liking and disliking, perceptions of self-worth and social acceptance, and teacher ratings of conduct problems, anxiety-withdrawal, and attention problems was considered to obtain data. Students with disabilities were less accepted and liked and also perceived their self-worth and social acceptance to be lower than normal students. Group interactions were apparent for several of the peer rating and behavioral variables, indicating that different patterns of social and behavioral functioning distinguished them from the normal students. The findings highlight that majority of the disabled students have bitter behavioral expressions, and low achievement. The study supports the notion that there may be a common cognitive cause for both disability and behavior problems. The study is equally beneficial for trainers, researchers and special education trainee teachers.

The book explains the profound types of learners in an environment and the impacts created by individual differences on learning. Myer Briggs Type Indicator and an index of learning styles is used to check the differences in learning on the basis of individual differences. The impacts of individual differences on cognitive learning are identified by using a self developed questionnaire. Students with individual differences had profound impacts on learning. Group interactions are apparent for several of the peer rating and variables, indicating that different patterns of social and behavioral functioning distinguished them from the ordinary learners. Moreover learning is always directly affected; the impacts are both positive and negative. This book is beneficial for educationists, trainers, teachers and trainee teachers with new concepts of focusing individual differences in learning.

Maize is an important cereal crop world wide, not only as a staple food in various parts of the world, but also as a major component of feeds for the animals. Adapted to a wide range of climates, the crop is mostly grown between latitudes 30 and 55, principally in latitudes below 47 . It is a warm weather crop, doing best when temperatures in the warm months range from 21 to 27 C. The judicious use of organic and mineral fertilizers may increase micronutrient density in grain destined for human consumption and play a promising rule in reducing human's micronutrient deficiency. The integrated nutrient management for crop improvement has been paid little attention in agriculture areas of developing world. Therefore, the present study was executed to evaluate the integrated nutrients use affect on growth, yield and quality of maize.

In this book different techniques were used for the production of amylases from Aspergillus niger It is highly desirable to increase the production and thermal stability of alpha amylases so that the process can be made more economical. Enzyme Engineering Group at Industrial Biotechnology Division, NIBGE, Faisalabad is actively involved in microbial strain development through random mutagenesis and genetic engineering. A deoxy -D-glucose resistant (DG) mutant of Aspergillus niger was developed through gamma rays treatment. The present study was focussed on the optimization of growth conditions for maximum production of -amylases by parent and DG-resistant mutant derivative of Aspergillus niger. Moreover, kinetic and thermodynamic properties of -amylase from hyper producer mutant were also determined. This book is equally beneficial for the researcher, students, faculty members and the scientists with new knowledge of the production of enzyme."

These studies presence of sufficient exploitable genetic variability for various yield related traits among the rice genotypes. A good number of rice genotypes were screened and identified on the basis of various morphological, physiological and molecular studies, that would be used in the development of F1 hybrid seed. The genotypes CB-17, CB-32 and Basmati-198 were good general combiners for productive tillers per plant, primary branches per panicle and yield per plant, especially under water stress condition and also gave specific cross combinations for good yield and yield related traits. The crosses productive tillers per plant (Basmati-198 x CB-17), seeds per panicle (Basmati-2000 x CB-42, Basmati-198 x CB-14), 1000 seed weight (Basmati-2000 x CB-32, CB-42 x CB-32) and yield per plant (CB-32 x CB-14) sowed promising results for yield and yield related traits. Thus these hybrids could be used as such or further selection could made to develop high yielding rice genotypes suitable for cultivation under water stress condition. Over all this book will provide the information the breeders, geneticist, researchers and students related to genetic study of the rice crop.

Chrysoperla carnea, known as the common green lacewing, is an insect in the Chrysopidae family. It is found in many parts of North America, Europe and Asia. The adults feed on nectar, pollen and aphid honeydew but the larvae are active predators and feed on aphids and other small insects. It has been used in the biological control of insectpests on crops. Chrysoperla carnea was originally considered to be a single species with a holarctic distribution but it has now been shown to be a complex of many cryptic, sibling species. These are indistinguishable from each other morphologicallybut can be recognised by variations in the vibrational songs the insects use to communicate with each other, which they especially do during courtship. The green lacewing eggs are oval and secured to the plant by long slender stalks. They are pale green when first laid but become gray later. The larvae are about one millimetre long when they first hatch. They are brown and resemble small alligators, crawling actively around in search of prey. They have a pair of pincer-like mandibles on their head with which they grasp their prey, sometimes lifting the victim off the leaf surface to prevent its escape.

Cotton has been placed amongst one of the most important cash crops, in Pakistan. Armyworm, Spodoptera litura, is one of the most notorious chewing pests, attacking this crop and hence depriving the farmers from getting good yields. The project under study, was, therefore, planned to develop some control strategies which are not only effective in their implementation, but also safer to the non-target organisms. A bio-control agent, Bracon hebetor (Say.) was used to control the pest, along with integration of some new chemistry insecticides and pheromones throughout cotton growing season. The experiments were carried out under the laboratory conditions in the Dept. of Agri. Entomology, Univ. of Agriculture, Faisalabad, for the improvement of mass rearing of the parasitoid, its potential at various temperatures and searching ability. The experiments for the screening of insecticides for their selection in Pest Management program of were performed in the laboratory as well as semi-field and field conditions. Resultantly, the study recommends that bio-control agents should be integrated with other tactics in order to avoid the chemical load in the environment.

The undertaken project consists of the field and lab experiments which were carried out to investigate the biophysical and biochemical basis of resistance in the fruits of bitter-gourd plant. The field experiments included screening of 13 genotypes of bitter-gourd and tolerance studies. The laboratory experiments included the determination of biophysical and biochemical fruit traits which induce antixenosis and antibiosis in bitter-gourd against melon fruit fly. The fruit-length, fruit diameter, number of ridges/cm2, depth of ribs, pericarp thickness and fruit toughness were found to be most important biophysical fruit traits, which contributed antixenosis in bitter-gourd against melon fruit-fly. Similarly, quantity of ascorbic-acid, chlorophyll (chlorophyll 'a', 'b' and total chlorophyll), reducing sugars, total sugars, non-reducing sugars, nitrogen, protein, phosphorus, potassium, tannin, flavonol, phenols, ash and silica played paramount role in inducing biochemical based antixenosis and antibiosis. The findings of endeavour persuade for the utilization of identified sources of resistance in crop breeding program of bitter-gourd against melon fruit fly.

This book describes the entrance of Cr (III) into the food chain of silkworm from mulberry plants irrigated using Cr (III) containing synthetic effluents during the year 2010 at Sericulture Laboratory in Agricultural Entomology Department. The objective of the study was to evaluate the accumulation of Cr (III) in soil, mulberry leaves, silkworm larvae, silk glands and feaces and to observe the effects of this accumulation on the growth of silkworm larvae and silk yield. The soil, plant, silk glands silkworm and their excreta were sampled to determine Cr. (III) amount using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS).The conclusions were withdrawn from the obtained results were(1)Bio- accumulation Cr (III) in soil, mulberry leaves, silk glands, silkworm larvae and faeces was high at the higher concentration of Cr (III) effluent(2)Although Bombyx mori excreted large quantity of Cr(III) but still most of Cr (III) reside inside its body.(3) Food consumption, Coefficient of food utilization and silk yield also affected by the effluent.