Importance of Water for the livelihood of human beings is inevitable. This study is carried out to perceive the impact of ever increasing urbanization in the catchment of Rawal Lake inflows and quality of Water. Rawal Lake is constructed on Korang River and supplies water for domestic use to Rawalpindi city and Cantonment Area. The results argues that the urbanization in the catchment is increasing with a very high % specially the population in the last eleven years has increased up to 85% at a growth rate of 5.7%, while the built up land has increased 9%. On the other hand area under forest has decreased up to 10%. As a result of enhance in urbanization flows have decreased even though there is no major transform noticed in rainfall which is evident that urbanization has decreased the flows. Urbanization also has an adverse effect on quality of water which is found biologically unfit for human consumption. It has also contributed to the amount of suspended sediment in the flows.

With the growing realization that brands are one of a firm's most valuable intangible assets, branding has emerged as a top management priority in the last decade. This book integrates lessons from branding and retail image research to provide a better understanding of how retailers create their brand images, paying special attention to the role of the manufacturer and private label brand assortment

The efficacy of immune system may be deregulated by various exogenous and endogenous factors which impair the immunohomeostasis of birds and their elimination is not always possible. As a result, birds become more prone to secondary disease conditions and show poor growth even if provided feed ad libitum and ultimately resulted in low feed conversion ratio and productivity. One of the practical methods to protect the immunobalance is by the use of pharmacological immunomodulators. Although vaccines and antibiotics have contributed a lot in controlling infectious diseases but frequent consumption of various chemicals and antibiotics has resulted in some problems such as development of antibiotic resistant strains and environmental pollution. In such circumstances, natural bioactive substances which have immunopotentiating effects in animals are promising candidates. In this regard, sugar cane has been reported as a potent immunomodulator. Keeping in view, the present study reports the immunostimulatory effects of oral administration of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) in chickens and their subsequent protective efficacy against Eimeria infection.

Normally speech signals are contaminated with noise and interference that reduces the intelligibility of speech during communication. In order to make speech signals effective and useful, they need to be enhanced from the noisy speech signal. In speech processing field many speech enhancement techniques are developed and are providing very good results. Multichannel microphone array is also one of the techniques used for speech enhancement, that provides better results than the single channel speech enhancement. Moreover, Wiener filtering is the most commonly used technique for multichannel microphone array for speech enhancement. The main focus of this thesis is to implement multichannel microphone array using Wiener filtering in the modulation domain system and also in the time domain system to enhance the speech.

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is currently one of the most widely used Telecommunication Protocol due to its high data rates. This book provides some basic understanding of WiMAX systems and different antenna techniques used in them. Chapter 1 is about introduction. It briefly discusses the history of wireless communication, different types of data networks, an overview of IEEE 802 Family Standards and 802.16 / WiMAX Standard. Chapter 2 is about the technical overview of WiMAX. It is divided into 3 parts. First part discusses the Physical layer of WiMAX. Second part discusses the MAC layer of WiMAX. Third part discusses the Network Architecture of WiMAX. Chapter 3 discusses about multiple antenna systems in WiMAX. It briefly discusses Diversity schemes (i.e Space Time Coding, Antenna Switching, Maximum Ratio Combining), Smart Antenna Systems and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Systems. It also discusses short comings of classified MIMO theories and modern methods for MIMO systems. Chapter 4 discusses the MATLAB simulations based on these multiple antenna techniques. Chapter 5 is about conclusion and future work.