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Importance of Water for the livelihood of human beings is
inevitable. This study is carried out to perceive the impact of
ever increasing urbanization in the catchment of Rawal Lake inflows
and quality of Water. Rawal Lake is constructed on Korang River and
supplies water for domestic use to Rawalpindi city and Cantonment
Area. The results argues that the urbanization in the catchment is
increasing with a very high % specially the population in the last
eleven years has increased up to 85% at a growth rate of 5.7%,
while the built up land has increased 9%. On the other hand area
under forest has decreased up to 10%. As a result of enhance in
urbanization flows have decreased even though there is no major
transform noticed in rainfall which is evident that urbanization
has decreased the flows. Urbanization also has an adverse effect on
quality of water which is found biologically unfit for human
consumption. It has also contributed to the amount of suspended
sediment in the flows.
With the growing realization that brands are one of a firm's most
valuable intangible assets, branding has emerged as a top
management priority in the last decade. This book integrates
lessons from branding and retail image research to provide a better
understanding of how retailers create their brand images, paying
special attention to the role of the manufacturer and private label
brand assortment
The efficacy of immune system may be deregulated by various
exogenous and endogenous factors which impair the immunohomeostasis
of birds and their elimination is not always possible. As a result,
birds become more prone to secondary disease conditions and show
poor growth even if provided feed ad libitum and ultimately
resulted in low feed conversion ratio and productivity. One of the
practical methods to protect the immunobalance is by the use of
pharmacological immunomodulators. Although vaccines and antibiotics
have contributed a lot in controlling infectious diseases but
frequent consumption of various chemicals and antibiotics has
resulted in some problems such as development of antibiotic
resistant strains and environmental pollution. In such
circumstances, natural bioactive substances which have
immunopotentiating effects in animals are promising candidates. In
this regard, sugar cane has been reported as a potent
immunomodulator. Keeping in view, the present study reports the
immunostimulatory effects of oral administration of ethanolic and
aqueous extracts of sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) in chickens
and their subsequent protective efficacy against Eimeria infection.
Normally speech signals are contaminated with noise and
interference that reduces the intelligibility of speech during
communication. In order to make speech signals effective and
useful, they need to be enhanced from the noisy speech signal. In
speech processing field many speech enhancement techniques are
developed and are providing very good results. Multichannel
microphone array is also one of the techniques used for speech
enhancement, that provides better results than the single channel
speech enhancement. Moreover, Wiener filtering is the most commonly
used technique for multichannel microphone array for speech
enhancement. The main focus of this thesis is to implement
multichannel microphone array using Wiener filtering in the
modulation domain system and also in the time domain system to
enhance the speech.
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is
currently one of the most widely used Telecommunication Protocol
due to its high data rates. This book provides some basic
understanding of WiMAX systems and different antenna techniques
used in them. Chapter 1 is about introduction. It briefly discusses
the history of wireless communication, different types of data
networks, an overview of IEEE 802 Family Standards and 802.16 /
WiMAX Standard. Chapter 2 is about the technical overview of WiMAX.
It is divided into 3 parts. First part discusses the Physical layer
of WiMAX. Second part discusses the MAC layer of WiMAX. Third part
discusses the Network Architecture of WiMAX. Chapter 3 discusses
about multiple antenna systems in WiMAX. It briefly discusses
Diversity schemes (i.e Space Time Coding, Antenna Switching,
Maximum Ratio Combining), Smart Antenna Systems and Multiple Input
Multiple Output (MIMO) Systems. It also discusses short comings of
classified MIMO theories and modern methods for MIMO systems.
Chapter 4 discusses the MATLAB simulations based on these multiple
antenna techniques. Chapter 5 is about conclusion and future work.
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