This book is a guide for microbiologists and environmentalists in their incursions into the study of microbial genomes and their role in the degradation of harmful & carcinogenic compounds in the environment. It attempts to organize current affairs in biotechnology through a survey of current methods. During the last few decades environmental pollution control microbiology has become an important field of science due to continuous industrialization in both worlds. So it's a little effort in this rapid expanding field. Aniline is a carcinogenic compound and extensively used in taxtile industry for dying, causing serious threat to the environment with a danger to reach in the food chain as well as in water bodies. Its removal or degradation into harmless compounds is of supreme priority in such areas suffering from taxtile effluents and such. This work will serve as a guide line for the future studies concerning biological or microbial degradation of harmful or carcinogenic compounds like aniline.