What were the causes of the Iraq War? Who were the main players? How was the war sold to the decision makers? Despite all that has been written on the Iraq war the myriad scholarly, journalistic and polemical works the answers to these questions remain shrouded in an ideological mist. TheRoad to Iraq is an empirical investigation that dispels this fog.
Discover how a small but ideologically coherent and socially cohesive group of determined political agents used the contingency of 9/11 to overwhelm a sceptical foreign policy establishment, military brass and intelligence apparatus.

The objective of this work is to use Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM), a new semi-analytic approximating technique, for solving linear and nonlinear initial and boundary value problems. The semi analytic solutions of nonlinear fourth order, eighth order, special fourth order and special sixth order boundary-value problems are computed using OHAM. Successful application of OHAM for squeezing flow is a major task in this study. This work also investigates the effectiveness of OHAM formulation for Partial Differential Equations (Wave Equation and Korteweg de Vries). OHAM is independent of the free parameter and there is no need of the initial guess as there is in Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM), Variational Iteration Method (VIM) and Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM). OHAM works very well with large domains and provides better accuracy at lower-order of approximations. Moreover, the convergence domain can be easily adjusted. The results are compared with other methods like HPM, VIM and HAM, which reveal that OHAM is effective, simpler, easier and explicit.

The book in hand provide valuable information on Sugarcane varieties development/breeding, being an important sugar and cash crop of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, providing employment opportunity, gigantic amount of revenue and foreign exchange savings. Sugarcane (Sacharum officinarum L. )"honey without the help of bees" is one of the important sugar crop of Pakistan. It is cultivated on 11 m ha every year on the World level, produced 850 m tons of cane and productivity of 51 metric tons ha-1. In Pakistan it is grown in three distinct climatic zones i.e. the temperate Peshawar valley in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Sub tropical Punjab, and tropical Sindh. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, it was grown since the Mogul period. The book can be an asset for the researchers, planner and agriculture students. It should in each and every library around the country.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the most important Flavivirida infections with significant clinical problems throughout the world in humans. Six major Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes and hundreds of subtypes have been identified globally. All these genotypes are generally studied for epidemiology, their vaccine development and clinical management. This thesis comments the frequency distribution of various HCV genotypes circulate in different areas/districts of Khyber Pakhtoonkhaw Province of Pakistan. Out of the tested samples, genotype specific PCR fragments were observed in 299 (74.82%) patient serum samples. The distribution of genotypes of the typeable samples was as follows: 3 patients (0.72%) each were infected with genotype 1a and genotype 1b; 240 patients (80.26%) of genotype 3a; 25 patients (6.00%) genotype 3b; and 28 patients (6.73%) were observed as with mixed genotypic infection. Sums of 116 serum samples (27.88%) were still found untypeable by the used molecular genotyping system. In conclusion, HCV genotypes 1a, 1b, 3a and 3b are distributed in various parts of KPK among which the genotype 3a is the most frequent genotype.

HCV, a major cause of liver disease worldwide, is frequently resistant to the antiviral interferon- therapy, being the only approved treatment available. It has been investigated recently that interleukin-8 (IL-8) induced by HCV partially inhibit the IFN- therapy. Therefore we aimed to prospectively utilize the baseline IL-8 levels in the HCV infected serum and predict its role in sustained virological response (SVR) to IFN- + ribavirin therapy, in chronic HCV patients. Fifteen normal volunteers and 110 HCV patients were enrolled in this study. Their baseline IL-8 levels were determined by ELISA and pre & post-treatment viral loads were recorded using qPCR. Different response rates to the therapy were observed and significant correlation was found between baseline IL-8 level and response to IFN therapy (P

What were the causes of the Iraq War? Who were the main players? How was the war sold to the decision makers? Despite all that has been written on the Iraq war the myriad scholarly, journalistic and polemical works the answers to these questions remain shrouded in an ideological mist. TheRoad to Iraq is an empirical investigation that dispels this fog.
Discover how a small but ideologically coherent and socially cohesive group of determined political agents used the contingency of 9/11 to overwhelm a sceptical foreign policy establishment, military brass and intelligence apparatus.