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The purpose of this research is to investigate various factors
affecting Earning per Share and Return on Capital Employed. In this
study an attempt has been made to determine what factors can affect
firm value or not?. Different theorists argue differently regarding
components of capital structure such as debt, equity and preferred
stock on firm value. In this study this relationship has been
empirically evidenced in the sugar industry companies listed on
Lahore Stock Exchange. This study investigates the relationship of
Short Term Debt, Long Term Debt, Equity, Firm Size and Tangibility
of Assets with Earning per Share (EPS) and Return on Capital
Employed (ROCE) using Simple and Multi Linear Regression Models.
The data that has been collected from financial statement of
companies related to sugar industry of Pakistan listed on Lahore
Stock Exchange.
A Valley of lush green meadows strewn with an amazing variety of
wild alpine flowers which support rich and spectacular plant
biodiversity of great scientific curiosity and promising economic
values. This work based on the results of a project conducted in
the remote West Himalayan region of Palas Valley, in order to
evaluate and analyze medicinal flora of the area. Survey was
carried out in 2006 which reveals 64 plant species belonging to 46
families and 59 genera, under ethnomedicinal utility by the local
inhabitants of Palas Valley. Among these 35 were herbs, 12 shrubs,
13 trees and 4 climbers. Most plant species are used for different
ailments and have significant role in the primary health care of
the area. It was concluded from research that Sustainable medicinal
plants collection and conservation practices are strongly
desirable. The long term management and sustainable use of theses
important and globally rich plant resources will provide livelihood
security of the targeted community for present and future
generations of the area.
The botanical expeditions to change Valley, District Shangla,
Pakistan, were made during April 2004 to September 2005. The main
aim of the study was to explore plant biodiversity of the area. The
study documented 172 plant species, distributed across 65 families
and 139 genera. Pteridophytes were represented by 7species and 5
genera, belonging to 4 families. Gymnosperms consisted of 7 species
of 6 genera belonging to 2 families. Angiosperms were represented
by 59 families; of these 143 species of 116 genera in 53 families
were dicots, while 15 species of 13 genera in 7 families were
monocots. The most important and prominent families in terms of
species diversity were Rosaceae (18 species), Lamiaceae (13
species), Asteraceae (10 species) and Poaceae (7 species). The
Plant Biodiversity of the area is under heavy biotic pressure of
grazing, fuel wood collection, deforestation, habitat
fragmentation, medicinal plants collection, over consumption of
resources and spread of alien invasive species. The lack of an
efficient environmental legislation, awareness and education are
root causes which enhance the loss of plant biodiversity in the
area.
A comprehensive study was carried out during 2004- 2005 to
elaborate the species diversity of medicinal flora of Changa
Valley. The Study revealed that 41 medicinal plants, belonging to
30 families are used for various ailments. Out of which only two
species belong to Pteridophytes. Herbs with 27 species were found
to be the most used life forms followed by trees with 6 species,
shrubs with 5 species and Climbers with 2 species in descending
order. These plants resources have great ethanobotanical
importance, especially used for curing various ailments through
indigenous system of medicine. Some important medcinal plants of
the area are Berberis lycium, Podopyllum hexandrum, Paeonia emodi,
Viola serpense, valeriana jatamansi, Geranium wallichianum,
Polygonatum verticillatum which are frequently used for tradition
health care in the area but over collection and exploitation is one
of the reason which have threatened certain species. There is
override need of awareness program among the local community to
protect the sustainable use of medicinal plants in the Valley.
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