This new volume explores the new paradigm that is Industry 4.0—the application of information-intensive technologies that integrate software, hardware, and biology (cyber-physical systems) for effective manufacturing and related industries, focusing specifically on leadership that can respond quickly and effectively to changing conditions. This volume applies these skills to leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic, skills that can be applied to many other changing conditions as well. This book effectively brings to the fore how the pandemic and Industry 4.0 are bringing agile leadership into focus. The book’s main themes are theories of agile leadership and how technology and the COVID-19 pandemic have affected such theories; the role of virtual leadership in an age of working from home; case studies that provide valuable lessons for the agile leader; and the crucial role of human resources in providing agile leadership to an organization. The volume aggregates original theoretical, conceptual, and empirical research on challenges and opportunities in the context of Industry 4.0 and facilitates agility in management. The chapters investigate the new leadership styles and related frameworks for assessing a postmodern leadership style—agile leadership—in relation to the need for effective and work in 4.0 dynamic environment. This book encompasses various studies and frameworks in agile leadership in the context of Industry 4.0, dynamic leadership related issues, intent-based leadership, agile mindset, fostering collaboration, cross-functional team management, strategic implementations, strategies for diversity initiatives, workplace flexibility, knowledge management, and personalization in industry. The diverse topics explore role of the internet technological unemployment, leadership and entrepreneurship big data human resources in industry 4.0 managing human capital and employee engagement virtual leadership the power of empathy role of leadership in sexual harassment in the workplace the agile personality and management behavior more Acting as a practical and theoretical guide in explaining and articulating agile leadership, this volume will be of interest and value to academics and practicing managers alike. Forward-thinking organizations find these chapters instructive in helping them evolve, along with their leadership resources.

Fundamentals of Smart Grid Systems offers an expansive introduction to the operationalization, integration, and management of smart grids-the distributed, renewable, responsive, and highly efficient power grid on the verge of radically transforming our energy system. The book reviews the design of smart grid systems, their associated technologies, and operations, helping users develop a modern foundational understanding of smart grid systems and many of their advanced implementations, where sophisticated technologies are employed. The work serves as a guidebook and primer for early career researchers, with a rich integration of current science, modern applications, and future implementations.

Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Systems goes beyond theoretical aspects of advances in renewable energy and addresses future trends. By focusing on the design of developing technologies, relevant operation and detailed background and an understanding of the application of power electronics and thermodynamics processes in renewable energy, this book provides an analysis of advancing energy systems. The book will be of interest to engineering graduates, researchers, professors and industry professionals involved in the renewable energy sector and is ideal for advanced engineering courses dealing with renewable energy, sources, thermal and electrical energy production and sustainability. With increasing focus on developing low carbon energy production, audiences need to have the engineering knowledge and practical skills to develop and implement creative solutions to engineering problems encountered with renewable energy technologies. By looking at renewable energy capture and conversion, system design and analysis, project development and implementation, each modular chapter examines recent advances in specific renewable energy systems with detailed methods, calculations and worked examples.

Agile software development methodologies are way better than the traditional software development methodologies especially when the teams are small and the environment and customer requirements are constantly changing. Pakistani software industry derives its revenues largely from providing consulting services instead of developing own products. This case especially requires extreme involvement of the customer. Also the software specifications are more likely to get changed in this case since the customer wants the software to fulfill their requirement no matter how many times the changes have to be made. An exploratory survey in 29 IT companies has been carried out in the cities if Islamabad and Rawalpindi to find out the awareness level as well as the industry opinion about the significance of Agile software development methodologies.

The aim of this project is to design a Microstrip Phase Array Antenna in ADS (Advance Design System) Momentum. The resonant frequency of which is 10 GHz. Two circular patches with a radius of 5.83 mm each are used in designing the array antenna. RT-DURROID 5880 is used as a substrate for this microstrip patch array design. These circular patches are excited using coaxial probe feed and transmission lines of particular lengths and widths. These transmission lines perfectly match the impedance of the circular patches. Various parameters, for example the S-parameters, two dimensional and three dimensional radiation patterns, excitation models, gain, directivity and efficiency of the designed antenna are obtained from ADS Momentum.

Bluetooth is a rapidly growing low power and low cost technology in the industrial environment. It operates in 2.4GHz ISM band using the 79 RF channels spaced 1MHz apart. It uses FHSS technology to transmit the packets with a slot time of 1micro sec pseudo-randomly. The frequency interference (packet collision) occurs due to the operational increase of the Bluetooth device in a certain domain at certain time. The device address and the clock of the piconet master are used by the frequency hop selection kernel to determine the frequency channel for packet transmission. That channel may be occupied by an other piconet at that time in certain domain and packet collision will occur. A simulation model is developed to realize a physical scenario where i have investigated.

Stress is a phenomenon that bombards us in our daily life and it affects all segments of human life including child, youth and old stage. Various conditions cause stress in one's life like fear of losing a job, financial instability, emotional event or due to any personnel reason. Mostly, stress impacts a performance of individual in a negative way regardless he/she is working in an organization or doing any other social life work. Stress has impact on job performance of an employee working in an organization. There is level of absorbing stress of each individual and it varies from person to person. For one individual demotion of job would be high stressful as compared to other. Similarly, ways to handle stress also vary on individual basis. Some people have more willpower to face high problematic situations with little stress and some people have to demonstrate minor problem as a high stress problem

A call center is defined as any group whose principal business activity is talking on telephone to customers or prospects. There is no doubt that call centers are today a booming sector in Pakistan and all over the world. We are here to propose the most suitable and best strategy for call center queue management. It will incorporate important features of call center queues and it will produce results that are different from those produced by the more usual models. The analytic approach is easy to apply and is used to offer some interesting insights for call center queue management. We usually come across lots of complaints from the consumer when they have to contact some representative of the company by going through hours of hold time. In this crucial hour, two things play an important role, the call management and the quality of the service. If the company will have high number of abandoned calls, it means that they have a huge number of irate customers which would really think hard before going for the same company for any kind of business next time.

The major part of this book examines the impact of Khushhali Bank Limited (KBL), the largest microfinance bank with a huge network of branches all across the country, on the socio-economic characteristics of beneficiary women and to study the improvement in their economy and social status.The findings suggest that micro-credit has positive impact on women socio-economic status and empowerment.It increases to some extent self- confidence and feelings of identity for women in the society.The study also entailed lack of centralized system between the microfinance institutions that increased the risk of dual loaning.

With regard to the benefits of using multiple vehicles, the concept of formation control has been studied extensively in the literature with application to the coordination of multiple robots, unmanned air vehicles (UAVs), autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), satellites, aircraft and spacecraft. There are many advantages of using formations of multiple vehicles, such as increased feasibility, robustness, accuracy, flexibility, cost efficiency and probability of success. The propulsion system on a spacecraft is of key importance in formation flying missions and life time of mission depends on the available fuel on the spacecraft. Furthermore, in the missions where spacecrafts are flying in close proximity the exhaust plums from the thrusters of a satellite can damage the near by spacecraft which might result in total failure to the mission. In this study a recently developed concept of Coulomb satellite equipped with hybrid propulsion system will be presented. With the combination of Equilibrium shaping technique and Coulomb satellite concepts certain formations can be produced for which minimum communication between swarm agents and maximum fuel saving (up to 80%) is possible.