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This book's objective is to present an interdisciplinary and easily
understandable book on the Dark Web. This research will benefit
security agencies, security professionals, counter-terrorism
experts, and policymakers. This book has covered dark web topics
that give a reader a good idea about the dark web. Mainly it
focused on the dark market and also mentioned the positive side of
dark web. We have also mentioned the emerging dark web trends and
mitigation techniques. What are the cyber crimes on the dark web?
How people are doing business, and which areas are mostly focused
on the dark web.
This book's objective is to present an interdisciplinary and easily
understandable book on the Dark Web. This research will benefit
security agencies, security professionals, counter-terrorism
experts, and policymakers. This book has covered dark web topics
that give a reader a good idea about the dark web. Mainly it
focused on the dark market and also mentioned the positive side of
dark web. We have also mentioned the emerging dark web trends and
mitigation techniques. What are the cyber crimes on the dark web?
How people are doing business, and which areas are mostly focused
on the dark web.
The first book to explore the modern history of Islam in South Asia
The first modern state to be founded in the name of Islam, Pakistan
was the largest Muslim country in the world at the time of its
establishment in 1947. Today it is the second-most populous, after
Indonesia. Islam in Pakistan is the first comprehensive book to
explore Islam's evolution in this region over the past century and
a half, from the British colonial era to the present day. Muhammad
Qasim Zaman presents a rich historical account of this major Muslim
nation, insights into the rise and gradual decline of Islamic
modernist thought in the South Asian region, and an understanding
of how Islam has fared in the contemporary world. Much attention
has been given to Pakistan's role in sustaining the Afghan struggle
against the Soviet occupation in the 1980s, in the growth of the
Taliban in the 1990s, and in the War on Terror after 9/11. But as
Zaman shows, the nation's significance in matters relating to Islam
has much deeper roots. Since the late nineteenth century, South
Asia has witnessed important initiatives toward rethinking core
Islamic texts and traditions in the interest of their compatibility
with the imperatives of modern life. Traditionalist scholars and
their institutions, too, have had a prominent presence in the
region, as have Islamism and Sufism. Pakistan did not merely
inherit these and other aspects of Islam. Rather, it has been and
remains a site of intense contestation over Islam's public place,
meaning, and interpretation. Examining how facets of Islam have
been pivotal in Pakistani history, Islam in Pakistan offers
sweeping perspectives on what constitutes an Islamic state.
Many Muslim societies are in the throes of tumultuous political
transitions, and common to all has been heightened debate over the
place of sharia law in modern politics and ethical life. Bringing
together leading scholars of Islamic politics, ethics, and law,
this book examines the varied meanings and uses of Islamic law, so
as to assess the prospects for democratic, plural, and
gender-equitable Islamic ethics today. These essays show that,
contrary to the claims of some radicals, Muslim understandings of
Islamic law and ethics have always been varied and emerge, not from
unchanging texts but from real and active engagement with Islamic
traditions and everyday life. The ethical debates that rage in
contemporary Muslim societies reveal much about the prospects for
democratic societies and a pluralist Islamic ethics in the future.
They also suggest that despite the tragic violence wrought in
recent years by Boko Haram and the Islamic State in Iraq, we may
yet see an age of ethical renewal across the Muslim world.
Many Muslim societies are in the throes of tumultuous political
transitions, and common to all has been heightened debate over the
place of sharia law in modern politics and ethical life. Bringing
together leading scholars of Islamic politics, ethics, and law,
this book examines the varied meanings and uses of Islamic law, so
as to assess the prospects for democratic, plural, and
gender-equitable Islamic ethics today. These essays show that,
contrary to the claims of some radicals, Muslim understandings of
Islamic law and ethics have always been varied and emerge, not from
unchanging texts but from real and active engagement with Islamic
traditions and everyday life. The ethical debates that rage in
contemporary Muslim societies reveal much about the prospects for
democratic societies and a pluralist Islamic ethics in the future.
They also suggest that despite the tragic violence wrought in
recent years by Boko Haram and the Islamic State in Iraq, we may
yet see an age of ethical renewal across the Muslim world.
The first book to explore the modern history of Islam in South Asia
The first modern state to be founded in the name of Islam, Pakistan
was the largest Muslim country in the world at the time of its
establishment in 1947. Today it is the second-most populous, after
Indonesia. Islam in Pakistan is the first comprehensive book to
explore Islam's evolution in this region over the past century and
a half, from the British colonial era to the present day. Muhammad
Qasim Zaman presents a rich historical account of this major Muslim
nation, insights into the rise and gradual decline of Islamic
modernist thought in the South Asian region, and an understanding
of how Islam has fared in the contemporary world. Much attention
has been given to Pakistan's role in sustaining the Afghan struggle
against the Soviet occupation in the 1980s, in the growth of the
Taliban in the 1990s, and in the War on Terror after 9/11. But as
Zaman shows, the nation's significance in matters relating to Islam
has much deeper roots. Since the late nineteenth century, South
Asia has witnessed important initiatives toward rethinking core
Islamic texts and traditions in the interest of their compatibility
with the imperatives of modern life. Traditionalist scholars and
their institutions, too, have had a prominent presence in the
region, as have Islamism and Sufism. Pakistan did not merely
inherit these and other aspects of Islam. Rather, it has been and
remains a site of intense contestation over Islam's public place,
meaning, and interpretation. Examining how facets of Islam have
been pivotal in Pakistani history, Islam in Pakistan offers
sweeping perspectives on what constitutes an Islamic state.
This anthology of key primary texts provides an unmatched
introduction to Islamist political thought from the early twentieth
century to the present, and serves as an invaluable guide through
the storm of polemic, fear, and confusion that swirls around
Islamism today. Roxanne Euben and Muhammad Qasim Zaman gather a
broad selection of texts from influential Islamist thinkers and
place these figures and their writings in their multifaceted
political and historical contexts. The selections presented here in
English translation include writings of Ayatollah Khomeini, Usama
bin Laden, Muslim Brotherhood founder Hasan al-Banna, and Moroccan
Islamist leader Nadia Yassine, as well as the Hamas charter, an
interview with a Taliban commander, and the final testament of 9/11
hijacker Muhammad Ata.
Illuminating the content and political appeal of Islamist
thought, this anthology brings into sharp relief the commonalities
in Islamist arguments about gender, democracy, and violence, but it
also reveals significant political and theological disagreements
among thinkers too often grouped together and dismissed as
extremists or terrorists. No other anthology better illustrates the
diversity of Islamist thought, the complexity of its intellectual
and political contexts, or the variety of ways in which it relates
to other intellectual and religious trends in the contemporary
Muslim world.
Ashraf `Ali Thanawi (1863-1943) was one of the most prominent
religious scholars in Islamic history. Author of over a thousand
books on different aspects of Islam, his work sought to defend the
Islamic scholarly tradition and to articulate its authority in an
age of momentous religious and political change. In this
authoritative biography, Muhammad Qasim Zaman offers a
comprehensive and highly accessible account of Thanawi's
multifaceted career and thought, whilst also providing a valuable
introduction to Islam in modern South Asia.
"This is a major contribution to the field. Over the past twenty
years there has been growing public concern about Islamic education
in general and Muslim madrasas in particular. The latter have come
to be seen as nurturers of Islamic radicalism, indeed, as training
centers for jihadi militants and terrorists. This book makes the
enormously important point to those who would wish to essentialize
Islam or madrasas that Islamic education is profoundly shaped by
local contexts as Muslims seek the best possible ways to grasp,
live, and communicate a Muslim life."--Francis Robinson, Royal
Holloway, University of London
"This book is outstanding in the breadth and maturity of
scholarship it assembles on a subject of surpassing importance at
once academically and in the wider world of public policy. The
editors and contributors lay out a thought-provoking set of studies
of educational practices, institutions, intellectual content, and
debates about the past, present, and likely futures of Islamic
education. The richness of these accounts should put paid to
scholarly as well as political stereotyping of Islamic
education--from the shibboleths of 'rote learning' to the
association of madrasa with terrorism. This book is a must read for
all scholars and researchers on Islam."--Jon W. Anderson, Catholic
University of America
The first encyclopedia of Islamic political thought from the birth
of Islam to today, this comprehensive, authoritative, and
accessible reference provides the context needed for understanding
contemporary politics in the Islamic world and beyond. With more
than 400 alphabetically arranged entries written by an
international team of specialists, the volume focuses on the
origins and evolution of Islamic political ideas and related
subjects, covering central terms, concepts, personalities,
movements, places, and schools of thought across Islamic history.
Fifteen major entries provide a synthetic treatment of key topics,
such as Muhammad, jihad, authority, gender, culture, minorities,
fundamentalism, and pluralism. Incorporating the latest
scholarship, this is an indispensable resource for students,
researchers, journalists, and anyone else seeking an informed
perspective on the complex intersection of Islam and politics. *
Includes more than 400 concise, alphabetically arranged entries *
Features 15 in-depth entries on key topics * Covers topics such as:
* Central themes and sources of Islamic political thought: caliph,
modernity, knowledge, shari'a, government, revival and reform *
Modern concepts, institutions, movements, and parties: civil
society, Islamization, secularism, veil, Muslim Brotherhood *
Islamic law and traditional Islamic societies: justice, taxation,
fatwa, dissent, governance, piety and asceticism, trade and
commerce * Sects, schools, regions, and dynasties: Mu'tazilis,
Shi'ism, Quraysh, Mecca and Medina, Baghdad, Indonesia, Nigeria,
Central Asia, Ottomans * Thinkers, personalities, and statesmen:
Mawardi, Shafi'I, Saladin, Tamerlane, Akbar, Ataturk, Nasser,
Khomeini * Contains seven historical and contemporary maps of
Muslim empires, postcolonial nation-states, populations, and
settlements * Guides readers to further research through
bibliographies, cross-references, and an index
From the cleric-led Iranian revolution to the rise of the
Taliban in Afghanistan, many people have been surprised by what
they see as the modern reemergence of an antimodern phenomenon.
This book helps account for the increasingly visible public role of
traditionally educated Muslim religious scholars (the ulama) across
contemporary Muslim societies. Muhammad Qasim Zaman describes the
transformations the centuries-old culture and tradition of the
ulama have undergone in the modern era--transformations that
underlie the new religious and political activism of these
scholars. In doing so, it provides a new foundation for the
comparative study of Islam, politics, and religious change in the
contemporary world.
While focusing primarily on Pakistan, Zaman takes a broad
approach that considers the Taliban and the ulama of Iran, Egypt,
Saudi Arabia, India, and the southern Philippines. He shows how
their religious and political discourses have evolved in often
unexpected but mutually reinforcing ways to redefine and enlarge
the roles the ulama play in society. Their discourses are informed
by a longstanding religious tradition, of which they see themselves
as the custodians. But these discourses are equally shaped by--and
contribute in significant ways to--contemporary debates in the
Muslim public sphere.
This book offers the first sustained comparative perspective on
the ulama and their increasingly crucial religious and political
activism. It shows how issues of religious authority are debated in
contemporary Islam, how Islamic law and tradition are continuously
negotiated in a rapidly changing world, and how the ulama both
react to and shape larger Islamic social trends. Introducing
previously unexamined facets of religious and political thought in
modern Islam, it clarifies the complex processes of religious
change unfolding in the contemporary Muslim world and goes a long
way toward explaining their vast social and political
ramifications.
Meat and its products enjoy a unique status in human diet but meat
also serves as an excellent substrate for the growth of most
microorganisms, and is associated with hypertension and
cardiovascular disease due to the presence of high sodium and fat
contents. In the functional examination of minced beef patties,
estimation for total sodium contents is essential to assess the
level of risk. The minced beef patties were also treated with
chitosan-mint mixture to minimize the presence of microorganisms,
oxidation and to increase the shelf life of the product by acting
as a natural antioxidant as well as antimicrobial agent. The
recommendations from this research work are; the microbiological
quality of minced beef should be monitored regularly and properly
to ensure consumer's safety. Different formulations for patties can
be developed by using masking agents, cold pressure storage and use
of less quantity of beef to ensure lower amounts of Na contents.
Suitability of different oils and fats available for proper
structure and other quality parameters of patties should be checked
to ensure good quality products with lower levels of fat.
The 18th century was a wealth of knowledge, exploration and rapidly
growing technology and expanding record-keeping made possible by
advances in the printing press. In its determination to preserve
the century of revolution, Gale initiated a revolution of its own:
digitization of epic proportions to preserve these invaluable works
in the largest archive of its kind. Now for the first time these
high-quality digital copies of original 18th century manuscripts
are available in print, making them highly accessible to libraries,
undergraduate students, and independent scholars.Rich in titles on
English life and social history, this collection spans the world as
it was known to eighteenth-century historians and explorers. Titles
include a wealth of travel accounts and diaries, histories of
nations from throughout the world, and maps and charts of a world
that was still being discovered. Students of the War of American
Independence will find fascinating accounts from the British side
of conflict. ++++The below data was compiled from various
identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title.
This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure
edition identification: ++++<sourceLibrary>British
Library<ESTCID>T091571<Notes>Scott relies principally
upon Mubanik-Allah Iradat Khan in the continuation of Firishtah's
'History', and upon Ghulam Husayn Khan Tabatab'i for the history of
Bengal. This issue is on ordinary paper, with cancel titlepages to
each volume. A variant has <imprintFull>Shrewsbury: printed
by J. and W. Eddowes, for John Stockdale, London, 1794.
<collation>2v.; 4
The 18th century was a wealth of knowledge, exploration and rapidly
growing technology and expanding record-keeping made possible by
advances in the printing press. In its determination to preserve
the century of revolution, Gale initiated a revolution of its own:
digitization of epic proportions to preserve these invaluable works
in the largest archive of its kind. Now for the first time these
high-quality digital copies of original 18th century manuscripts
are available in print, making them highly accessible to libraries,
undergraduate students, and independent scholars.Rich in titles on
English life and social history, this collection spans the world as
it was known to eighteenth-century historians and explorers. Titles
include a wealth of travel accounts and diaries, histories of
nations from throughout the world, and maps and charts of a world
that was still being discovered. Students of the War of American
Independence will find fascinating accounts from the British side
of conflict. ++++The below data was compiled from various
identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title.
This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure
edition identification: ++++British LibraryT091573Vol.3, 'The
history of Hindostan, from the death of Akbar, to the complete
settlement of the empire under Aurungzebe. .. By Alexander Dow, ..
', London, 1772, is an original work by Dow.London: printed for T.
Becket and P. A. de Hondt, 1768. 2v., plates: map; 4
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