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A question often asked of those of us who work in the seemingly
esoteric field of fish vision is, why? To some of us the answer
seems obvious - how many other visual scientists get to dive in a
tropical lagoon in the name of science and then are able to eat
their subjects for dinner? However, there are better, or at least
scientifically more acceptable, reasons for working on the visual
system of fish. First, in terms of numbers, fish are by far the
most important of all vertebrate classes, probably accounting for
over half (c. 22 000 species) of all recognized vertebrate species
(Nelson, 1984). Furthermore, many of these are of commercial
importance. Secondly, if one of the research aims is to understand
the human visual system, animals such as fish can tell us a great
deal, since in many ways their visual systems, and specifically
their eyes, are similar to our own. This is fortunate, since there
are several techniques, such as intracellular retinal recording,
which are vital to our understanding of the visual process, that
cannot be performed routinely on primates. The cold blooded fish,
on the other hand, is an ideal subject for such studies and much of
what we know about, for example, the fundamentals of information
processing in the retina is based on work carried out on fish (e.
g. Svaetichin, 1953).
If you or someone you love has been diagnosed with cancer, you want
to do everything possible to beat the disease. But with so much
conflicting advice and so many options available, how do you decide
on the best treatment plan for you? In this major new book,
Professor Jane Plant and Professor Mustafa Djamgoz present a clear
and scientifically sound 10-step programme to help you beat cancer.
At a time when you may be feeling helpless and confused, this book
provides the essential guidance you need to take control of your
life and regain your health with targeted advice for specific
cancers. Included in the 10-step plan: * Inform yourself:
understand what cancer is, what causes it and how to avoid
carcinogens * Choosing the right treatment: evidence-based advice
on conventional and complementary therapies, including
chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery and medication * Change your
lifestyle: guidance on diet, exercise, reducing stress,
relationships and other lifestyle factors that have a proven link
with cancer Beat Cancer will help you prevent cancer, tackle your
diagnosis and stay in remission.
This comprehensive work reviews the neurobiological organization of
the vertebrate outer retina with an emphasis on mammalian systems.
An international team of contributors discuss the ways in which
outer retinal neurones (photoreceptor, bipolar and horizontal
cells) and their interconnections are disrupted in clinical
conditions such as Parkinson's disease, paraneoplastic retinopathy,
retinitis pigmentosa and other retinal dystrophies. The book begins
by reviewing the functional organization and development of the
outer retina, then moves on to a discussion of the contributions
made by the different retinal neurones and their synaptic circuits
to the visual process. Throughout, authors relate basic
neurobiology to clinical conditions. Four concluding chapters focus
on the mechanisms through which clinical conditions affect the
outer retina. The volume should be of interest to all researchers
investigating retinal function and dysfunction, general
neurobiologists and visual scientists, as well as ophthalmologists
and interested clinicians.
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