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Conventional methods and models for spatial data analysis are based
on 'hard' (quantitative, cardinally-measured) information.
Approaches such as location-allocation models, optimization models,
entropy models, spatial assignment models and regional growth
models all re flect the past trend to cast complex and
multidimensional spatial interaction patterns in the framework of a
cardinal metric system. In recent years, significant progress has
been made in the analysis of 'soft', qualitative or
categoricaily-measured data. In the fields of both parametric and
non-parametric statistics and econometrics, a wide variety of
techniques and models have been designed which treat qualitative
variables in an appropriate manner. All these methods and
techniques aim at taking into account the limitations caused by
measuring variables on a non-metric scale, and try to avoid he use
of non-permissible numerical operations on qualitative variables.
These endeavors have resulted in new catch phrases for the analysis
of qualitative data, such as 'soft econometrics', etc. Researchers
in the areas of regional and urban economics, geography and
planning have become increasingly aware of the necessity to in
corporate qualitative data and a wide array of methods for quali
tative data are now being applied. Applications have included, for
instance, spatial consumer choice behavior, locational perceptions
and preferences, contingency table analysis, spatial scenario
analysis, qualitative impact analysis, project and plan
evaluations, spatial conflict analysis, and so forth."
Thi s book ari ses from The Fourth European Coll oqui urn on
Theoret i ca 1 and Quant itat i ve Geography wh i ch was he 1 din
Ve 1 dhoven, The Netherlands in September 1985. It contains a
series of papers on spatial choice dynamics and dynamical spatial
systems which were presented at the colloquium, together with a few
other soll icited ones. The book is intended primarily as a
state-of-the art review of mainly European research on these two
fastly growing problem areas. As a consequence of this decision,
the book contains a selection of papers that differs in terms of
focus, level of sophistication and conceptual background.
Evidently, the dissimination of ideas and computer software is a
time-related phenomenon, which in the European context is amplified
by differences in language, the profile of geography and the formal
training of geographers. The book reflects such differences. It
would have been impossible to produce this book without the support
of the various European study groups on theoretical and
quantitative geography. Without their help the meetings from which
this volumes originates would not have been held in the first
place. We are also indebted to the Royal Dutch Academy of Science
for partly funding the colloquium, and to SISWO and TNOjPSC for
providing general support in the organisation of the conference.
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