When the first sputnik was launched and the space era began, few gave thought to the possible negative impact of putting satellites into orbit. In fact, man's space activity has led to the formation of a new media named "space debris," i.e. man-made objects and their fragments launched into space, currently inactive and no longer serving any useful purpose. Space Debris: Hazard Evaluation and Mitigation will appeal to readers unfamiliar with the issues, as well as experts and designers. It introduces concepts behind the problems of space ecology. The volume features actual data on the space debris environment; new mathematical models for space debris evolution, production and self-production; description of the existing software and concepts for shield design. The author also reviews methods of collision risk assessment, including the attitudes and inclinations of orbits, collision hazard evaluation and suggestions for preventative measures.

When the first sputnik was launched and the space era began, few gave thought to the possible negative impact that putting satellites into orbit may have. In fact, man's space activity has led to the formation of a new media named ' space debris', i.e. manmade objects and their fragments launched into space, currently inactive and no longer serving any useful purpose.
Space Debris: Hazard Evaluation and Mitigation will be of interest to readers unfamiliar with the issues as well as experts and designers as it introduces concepts related to the problems of space ecology featuring actual data on the space debris environment, new mathematical models for space debris evolution, production and self-production, description of the existing software, and concepts for shield design. Methods of collision risk assessment depending on attitudes and inclinations of orbits, collision hazard evaluation and suggestions for preventative measures are also covered.

Many western limnologists have no or a very limited knowledge and understanding of limnology in the Soviet Union; the language barrier is simply too hermetic, and the threshold for making the effort (and spending the money) for obtaining translations of significant Russian works is usually too high for most Eu ropeans and North Americans. There is so much to read aside from that literature printed in the cyrillic al phabet that, not by intention or by design, but by sheer inertia, we tend to forget about it altogether. Of course, we are wrong, and we know it. Today, 'Hydrobiologia' is proud to present a theme volume by one of the active Soviet limnologist groups, ably steered by Nikolai Smirnov. Their target lake, Glubokoe ozero, is one of the better studied waters of the northern hemisphere, and the series of contributions included in this collection of papers aims both at illustrating this point and at making this interesting material widely available in a congress language. I am confident that 'Studies on Lake Glubokoe' will make a significant contribution to a well-merited better penetration of Russian science onto the world market. H. 1. Dumont Contents Preface.... ... . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .. . . . .. . ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . ... . ... . ..... . . . . V Lake Glubokoe (Moscow region, Eastern Europe), general characteristics by N. N. Smirnov .................................................................... ."

Many western limnologists have no or a very limited knowledge and understanding of limnology in the Soviet Union; the language barrier is simply too hermetic, and the threshold for making the effort (and spending the money) for obtaining translations of significant Russian works is usually too high for most Eu ropeans and North Americans. There is so much to read aside from that literature printed in the cyrillic al phabet that, not by intention or by design, but by sheer inertia, we tend to forget about it altogether. Of course, we are wrong, and we know it. Today, 'Hydrobiologia' is proud to present a theme volume by one of the active Soviet limnologist groups, ably steered by Nikolai Smirnov. Their target lake, Glubokoe ozero, is one of the better studied waters of the northern hemisphere, and the series of contributions included in this collection of papers aims both at illustrating this point and at making this interesting material widely available in a congress language. I am confident that 'Studies on Lake Glubokoe' will make a significant contribution to a well-merited better penetration of Russian science onto the world market. H. 1. Dumont Contents Preface.... ... . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .. . . . .. . ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . ... . ... . ..... . . . . V Lake Glubokoe (Moscow region, Eastern Europe), general characteristics by N. N. Smirnov .................................................................... .