The 3-volume set, Phytochemistry, covers a wide selection of topics in phytochemistry and provides a wealth of information on the fundamentals, new applications, methods and modern analytical techniques, state-of-the-art approaches, and computational techniques. With chapters from professional specialists in their fields from around the world, the volumes deliver a comprehensive coverage of phytochemistry. Phytochemistry is a multidisciplinary field, so this book will appeal to students in both upper-level students, faculty, researchers, and industry professionals in a number of fields, including biological science, biochemistry, pharmacy, food and medicinal chemistry, systematic botany and taxonomy, ethnobotany, conservation biology, plant genetic and metabolomics, evolutionary sciences, and plant pathology.

This volume presents chapters that discuss secondary metabolites of marine origin, the industrial applications of phytochemicals, and recent advances in phytochemical research. It considers production of secondary metabolites and accumulations through in vitro cultures and also reviews the effects of natural products as biopesticides and as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors. In addition, the volume discusses the effects of the environment on the distribution of phytochemicals and the roles of phytochelatins and heavy metal tolerance in plants.

In recent years, the use of inorganic antimicrobial agents has attracted interest because of their industrial and medical applications. The important advantages of antimicrobial inorganic agents are improved safety and stability. Titanium complexes are known to show variety of applications. These include role of titanium coatings in infection control in the healthcare sector, the food industry and in aviation. In order to get them accepted, it will be necessary to show activity against relevant pathogens and under conditions found in those industries.SBA 16 material has excellent potential for application in environmental area due to the control both the size and the shape of the pores in the structure of this material, although it has been little exploited. This study concluded that Ti SBA-16-type mesoporous material has maximum antibacterial activity against E. coli, then against S. aureus and then B. subtilis.

Algae are potential feedstocks that can be used for the production of biofuels and thus providing solution for the challenges of energy crisis and environmental greenhouse gasses. Several companies and government agencies are funding efforts to reduce capital and operating costs and make algae fuel production commercially viable.Harvested algae, like fossil fuel, releases CO2 when burnt but unlike fossil fuel the CO2 is taken out of the atmosphere by the growing of algae and other biofuel sources, and the world food crisis, have ignited interest in algaculture (farming algae) for making vegetable oil, biodiesel, bioethanol, biogasoline, biomethanol, biobutanol and other biofuels, using land that is not suitable for agriculture.The present study was aimed to collect algal samples from various localities in Lahore, identification, optimization of culture conditions and comparison of oil production of different algal species.

To observe adverse health effects of heavy metals, drinking water samples (50) were randomly collected from Raja bolay village (RBV), Ghanakar village (GV), Deu khurd (DK), Kahna nau (KN), and Green cap housing society (GCHS). The results of physical parameters showed that mean pH and conductivity value of water samples of all the areas was greater than the standard value of WHO except in the samples taken from Deu khurd (DK). Mean value of TDS was greater than WHO in almost all the samples. Among heavy metals concentration of Cr was greater than standard value provided by WHO except in RBV (Raja bolay village) and GCHS (Green cap housing society). Cu concentration was lower than WHO standard value of Cu in drinking water. Mean concentration of Ni was very high in all drinking water samples. The population residing in Kahna nau had a high frequency of acute respiratory and kidney diseases, whereas skin diseases were common in the residents of Green cap housing society.

Present study aimed at the detection of microbial contamination present in commercially available and freshly prepared orange juice samples collected from different localities of Lahore, Pakistan. Results showed the presence of Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Micrococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Bacillus spp. in commercially available orange juices which clearly demonstrates the unhygienic conditions of processing plants. In most localities, the freshly squeezed orange juices were hygienically very poor as bacterial loads on the whole were abnormally high. Based on the presence of Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Micrococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Erwinia spp., Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Coliforms, Pseudomonas spp., Vibrio spp. and Leuconostoc spp. in fresh orange juices, it is concluded that juices in certain areas inside the city are highly impacted and unfit for human consumption. It is agreed that such type of contamination is the result of bad quality water used for dilution of juices, unhygienic surroundings and location of stalls by the side of a busy road with vehicular traffic or by the side of waste disposal and overcrowding.

Plants are reservoir of effective chemotherapeutics and can provide valuable sources of natural antimicrobials. Bacteriocins are natural antimicrobial peptides with interesting potential applications in human health and exhibit a bactericidal mode of action against related as well as unrelated microorganisms. In present study Bougainvillea spectabilis and bacteriocins susceptibility against Salmonella typhi was evaluated. Bougainvillea spectabilis stem, leaves and flowers were extracted in organic solvents through soxhlet and rotary evaporator. For the bacteriocins screening, Lactococcus lactis was isolated from milk samples. Disc diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial activity. The results revealed that both the Bougainvillea spectabilis and bacteriocins had antimicrobial activity against S. typhi. The ethanolic and methanolic extracts of flowers and leaves of Bougainvillea spectabilis were more active against S. typhi. B. spectabilis and bacteriocins inhibition activity proved them as the alternative antimicrobial agents against human pathogens.

The 3-volume set, Phytochemistry, covers a wide selection of topics in phytochemistry and provides a wealth of information on the fundamentals, new applications, methods and modern analytical techniques, state-of-the-art approaches, and computational techniques. With chapters from professional specialists in their fields from around the world, the volumes deliver a comprehensive coverage of phytochemistry. Phytochemistry is a multidisciplinary field, so this book will appeal to students in both upper-level students, faculty, researchers, and industry professionals in a number of fields, including biological science, biochemistry, pharmacy, food and medicinal chemistry, systematic botany and taxonomy, ethnobotany, conservation biology, plant genetic and metabolomics, evolutionary sciences, and plant pathology.

This volume presents chapters that discuss secondary metabolites of marine origin, the industrial applications of phytochemicals, and recent advances in phytochemical research. It considers production of secondary metabolites and accumulations through in vitro cultures and also reviews the effects of natural products as biopesticides and as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors. In addition, the volume discusses the effects of the environment on the distribution of phytochemicals and the roles of phytochelatins and heavy metal tolerance in plants.