​This book accommodates the existing correlations, data, and methods for thermodynamic and thermophysical properties of saline water, including multiple components at a wide range of salinity (reaching around 200 g/kg), temperature, and pressure. The correlations of each property are plotted against existing experimental data to judge the comparative accuracy of each within a given specific range of salinity, temperature, and pressure. An assessment to recommend some correlations is also conducted. New correlations for some properties are also proposed. This book helps to provide the saline water properties as needed for engineers, designers, and research for different areas, including desalination and water treatment. All the analytical analysis, thermodynamic analysis, and design models of the desalination technologies depend on saline water properties. As scientists and researchers working on different desalination technologies, the authors found it difficult to find all saline water properties in one source, including multicomponent and binary salty solutions, under different conditions (salinity, temperature, and pressure). Therefore, the authors introduce this book to fill the gap in the open literature. This book compiles the thermodynamic and thermophysical properties of saline water, involving thermodynamic approaches, multicomponent models, and simple correlations and data, comparison between the correlations of properties in figures, recommendation of the most accurate correlations and methods, and the used codes to estimate these correlations and methods. It is expected that this book to be a principal source for all interests in desalination and water treatment subjects.

How did the Bank of England manage sterling crises? This book steps into the shoes of the Bank's foreign exchange dealers to show how foreign exchange intervention worked in practice. The author reviews the history of sterling over half a century, using new archives, data and unseen photographs. This book traces the sterling crises from the end of the War to Black Wednesday in 1992. The resulting analysis shows that a secondary reserve currency such as sterling plays an important role in the stability of the international system. The author goes on to explore the lessons the Bretton Woods system on managed exchange rates has for contemporary policy makers in the context of Brexit. This is a crucial reference for scholars in economics and history examining past and current prospects for the international financial system. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Originally published in 1966, this is Volume II which is a straightforward account of the British nationalized coal industry in the first half of the twentieth century. This volume contains parts 4 on Coal and Capitalism to Part five on Coal and Public Policy.

"Managing Development in a Global Context" examines the complex relationship between management, development and globalization from a multidimensional perspective. Key authors in the field explore the historical record, the current global, regional and national characteristics of present developmental and managerial dilemmas, and possible future scenarios. Adopting a refreshing critical perspective, this book bridges the gap between theoretical literature and practices needed to understand the process of development management challenges facing the South.

Described as 'cultural crossroads' or 'mosaic', 'powder keg', 'border', 'bridge' or Europe's 'Other', the region comprising former Yugoslavia has, over time, conjured up ambiguous imaginaries associated with political unrest, national contest and ethnic divide. Since the disintegration of Yugoslavia and the succeeding Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s, both the geography and historiography of the region have been thoroughly reconfigured, which has impacted the ways in which heritage is interpreted and used at local, regional and national levels. In this ongoing process of heritage (re)interpretation, tourism is more than just a 'dark' spectacle. While it can be seen as a catalyst through which to filter or normalise dissonant memories, it can also be utilised as a powerful ideological tool which enables the narrative reinvention of contested traditions and divisive myths. Drawing on case studies from Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia and Kosovo, this volume generates new and fascinating insights into the contested terrain of heritage tourism in former Yugoslavia. It explores the manifold ways in which tourism stakeholders engage with, capitalise on, and make sense of sites and events marked by conflict and trauma. Unlike many previous studies, this book features contributions by emerging, early-career scholars emanating from within the region, and working across disciplines such as anthropology, art history, geography and political studies. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change.

Described as 'cultural crossroads' or 'mosaic', 'powder keg', 'border', 'bridge' or Europe's 'Other', the region comprising former Yugoslavia has, over time, conjured up ambiguous imaginaries associated with political unrest, national contest and ethnic divide. Since the disintegration of Yugoslavia and the succeeding Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s, both the geography and historiography of the region have been thoroughly reconfigured, which has impacted the ways in which heritage is interpreted and used at local, regional and national levels. In this ongoing process of heritage (re)interpretation, tourism is more than just a 'dark' spectacle. While it can be seen as a catalyst through which to filter or normalise dissonant memories, it can also be utilised as a powerful ideological tool which enables the narrative reinvention of contested traditions and divisive myths. Drawing on case studies from Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia and Kosovo, this volume generates new and fascinating insights into the contested terrain of heritage tourism in former Yugoslavia. It explores the manifold ways in which tourism stakeholders engage with, capitalise on, and make sense of sites and events marked by conflict and trauma. Unlike many previous studies, this book features contributions by emerging, early-career scholars emanating from within the region, and working across disciplines such as anthropology, art history, geography and political studies. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change.

Originally published in 1966, this is Volume II which is a straightforward account of the British nationalized coal industry in the first half of the twentieth century. This volume contains parts 4 on Coal and Capitalism to Part five on Coal and Public Policy.

For an additional chapter on health and human security: Click Here. For suggested resources for each chapter in the book: Click Here. For additional resources on ecological and social issues: Click Here. For additional resources on indigenous peoples: Click Here. Comprehensive and interdisciplinary, this thoroughly updated and revised second edition is an engaging critical analysis of the major political, economic, social, and ecological conditions in Latin America and the Caribbean. Genuinely regional in scope, this textbook examines the hemispheric and global context of these conditions as well as the relations among Latin American and Caribbean states and their relations with the United States. Expert contributors describe and analyze the economies and trading relations, politics and state policies, social inequalities and social injustices, indigenous communities, gender relations, influence of religion, wide array of social movements, and social ecology of the societies in this important region of the world. Harris and Nef have assembled a valuable resource for undergraduate and graduate courses and all readers concerned with understanding the past, present, and future development of contemporary Latin America, the Caribbean, and the Americas as a whole. Contributions by: Guido Pascual Galafassi, Richard L. Harris, Judith Adler Hellman, Cristobal Kay, Michael Kearney, Francesca Miller, Jorge Nef, Viviana Patroni, Wilder Robles, and Stefano Varese.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Information in Cells and Tissues, IPCAT 2012, held in Cambridge, UK, in March/April 2012. The 13 revised full papers presented together with 26 extended abstracts were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers cover a wide range of topics in disciplines related to genetic and epigenetic networks, transcriptomics and gene regulation, signalling pathways and responses, protein structure and metabolic networks, patterning and rhythm generation, neural modelling and neural networks, biomedical modelling and signal processing, information processing and representation, and algorithmic approaches in computational biology.

'It both provides tools and techniques for design thinking and illustrates the principles of usability advocated within through its own layout and organization, and so serves as its own best recommendation.'Technical CommunicationDesign thinking is more than just a new, one-off method of innovation. Its focus is on establishing an innovation-friendly climate in companies and organizations for the long-term. To achieve this, an interdisciplinary team of authors has composed this 'recipe book' that can be practically applied to your everyday business life. This book is for all who intend to understand and practice the design thinking method in the most rapid and uncomplicated way.The first part describes in depth what this method is all about. The second part of this comprehensive book offers you a step-by-step guide to practically apply design thinking. The subsequent sample cases show how to put theory into practice.The authors have gained their expertise in design thinking from both academic and scientific theory, and from countless long-term implementations at companies in various industries.So, benefit from this rich knowledge and start becoming innovative today. This book will show you how it's done.

"This book provides a decent overview of recent advances in biopesticides and other biological options for insect management with an easy-to-follow format and content...a good resource for students, educators, researchers, regulators, agricultural partners and IPM implementors interested in sustainable agriculture." (Society for Invertebrate Pathology Newsletter) With increasing concern about the environmental impact of synthetic pesticide use, including their impact on beneficial insects, the problem of insect resistance and the lack of new products, there has been an increasing interest in developing alternative biopesticides to control insects and other pests. This collection reviews the wealth of research on identifying, developing, assessing and improving the growing range of biopesticides. Part 1 of this collection reviews research on developing new biopesticides in such areas as screening new compounds, ways of assessing effectiveness in the field and improving regulatory approval processes. Part 2 summarises advances in different types of entomopathogenic biopesticide including entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes and the use of Bt genes in insect-resistant crops. Part 3 assesses the use of semiochemicals such as pheromones and allelochemicals, peptide-based and other natural substance-based biopesticides.

This open access book offers a new account on the legal conflict between privacy and trade in the digital sphere. It develops a fundamental rights theory with a new right to continuous protection of personal data and explores the room for the application of this new right in trade law. Replicable legal analysis and practical solutions show the way to deal with cross-border data flows without violating fundamental rights and trade law principles. The interplay of privacy and trade became a topic of worldwide attention in the wake of Edward Snowden's revelations concerning US mass surveillance. Based on claims brought forward by the activist Maximilian Schrems, the ECJ passed down two high-profile rulings restricting EU-US data flows. Personal data is relevant for a wide range of services that are supplied across borders and restrictions on data flows therefore have an impact on the trade with such services. After the two rulings by the ECJ, it is less clear then ever how privacy protection and trade can be brought together on an international scale. Although it was widely understood that the legal dispute over EU-US data flows concerns the broad application of EU data protection law, it has never been fully explored just how far the EU's requirements for the protection of digital rights go and what this means beyond EU-US data flows. This book shows how the international effects of EU data protection law are rooted in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and that the architecture of EU law demands that the Charter as primary EU law takes precedence over international law. The book sets out to solve the problem of how the EU legal data transfer regime must be designed to implement the EU's extraterritorial fundamental rights requirements without violating the principles of the WTO's law on services. It also addresses current developments in international trade law - the conclusion of comprehensive trade agreements - and offers suggestion for the design of data flow clauses that accommodate privacy and trade.

This open access book offers a new account on the legal conflict between privacy and trade in the digital sphere. It develops a fundamental rights theory with a new right to continuous protection of personal data and explores the room for the application of this new right in trade law. Replicable legal analysis and practical solutions show the way to deal with cross-border data flows without violating fundamental rights and trade law principles. The interplay of privacy and trade became a topic of worldwide attention in the wake of Edward Snowden's revelations concerning US mass surveillance. Based on claims brought forward by the activist Maximilian Schrems, the ECJ passed down two high-profile rulings restricting EU-US data flows. Personal data is relevant for a wide range of services that are supplied across borders and restrictions on data flows therefore have an impact on the trade with such services. After the two rulings by the ECJ, it is less clear then ever how privacy protection and trade can be brought together on an international scale. Although it was widely understood that the legal dispute over EU-US data flows concerns the broad application of EU data protection law, it has never been fully explored just how far the EU's requirements for the protection of digital rights go and what this means beyond EU-US data flows. This book shows how the international effects of EU data protection law are rooted in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and that the architecture of EU law demands that the Charter as primary EU law takes precedence over international law. The book sets out to solve the problem of how the EU legal data transfer regime must be designed to implement the EU's extraterritorial fundamental rights requirements without violating the principles of the WTO's law on services. It also addresses current developments in international trade law - the conclusion of comprehensive trade agreements - and offers suggestion for the design of data flow clauses that accommodate privacy and trade.

Qu'est-ce qu'un visage ? Qu'une tete ? C'est a ces questions que Marwan (1934-2016) s'est confronte dans sa demarche artistique en commencant par la figure humaine pour explorer inlassablement le visage. Si ce dernier, traite horizontalement, est reconnaissable dans ses traits, la tete, effigie verticale, s'efface. Le present livre s'appuie sur la biographie du peintre dont le langage artistique s'est elabore entre Damas et Berlin, et sur une etude transculturelle qui questionne le theme du visage dans son oeuvre. L'acces a sa problematique picturale a ete rendu possible grace aux sources premieres: dessins preparatoires, ecrits et entretiens entre l'auteure et l'artiste durant les dix dernieres annees de sa vie. Nourri de la double culture orientale et occidentale, Marwan participe au questionnement du visage humain dans ses metamorphoses par rapport a l'absence, a l'inanime, au voilement-devoilement, au meme et a l'autre, au singulier et a l'universel.

Managing Development in a Global Context examines the complex relationship between management, development and globalization from a multidimensional perspective. Key authors in the field explore the historical record, the current global, characteristics of present developmental and managerial dilemmas, and possible future scenarios.

Cet ouvrage explore un moment clef du developpement de l'art moderne egyptien, lorsque sont definis les fondements d'une nouvelle pratique artistique au debut du 20eme siecle. Base sur un important travail de terrain mene en Egypte et sur des documents d'archives jusqu'ici inexplores, il se centre sur une generation de peintres et de sculpteurs appeles les pionniers (al-ruwwad). Formes dans des institutions telles que l'Ecole des Beaux-Arts du Caire, leur production s'inscrit dans un mouvement de renaissance artistique et reflete les multiples interactions transculturelles entre l'Egypte et l'Europe. Cette etude offre ainsi un regard nouveau sur ces artistes qui ont pose les jalons du modernisme egyptien et met en lumiere une production jusqu'ici peu etudiee. Tandis que l'on aborde aujourd'hui l'histoire de l'art dans une perspective globale a la lumiere de circulations, d'echanges et de reseaux, elle offre un point d'ancrage permettant de mieux apprehender les dynamiques et les enjeux actuels de l'art contemporain au Moyen-Orient. In this book, Nadia Radwan explores a key moment of the development of modern Egyptian art, when the foundations of a new artistic practice are defined in the early 20th century. Based on field work and unexplored archival material, this work focuses on a generation of painters and sculptors commonly referred to as the pioneers (al-ruwwad). Trained in institutions, such as the School of Fine Arts in Cairo, their production is inscribed in a project of artistic renaissance and reflects multiple transcultural interactions between Egypt and Europe. This publication thus re-evaluates these artists that opened the path to Egyptian modernism and sheds light their yet understudied production. While art history is now approached in the perspective of circulations, exchange and networks, this book offers a background to a better comprehend the dynamics and stakes of contemporary art in the Middle East and intends to contribute to the cartographic constellation of a world art history.

Nous avons vecu une periode particulierement difficile. Il n'y avait aucune direction connue dans notre travail. Pas a pas, nous avons depasse l'effroi de l'egarement et decouvert le plaisir de domaines nouveaux... Mais les critiques n'etaient pas de notre cote, aucune valeur sociale n'etait attachee a nos travaux. C'est en ces termes que le peintre Ahmad Esfandiari (1922-2012) decrit l'effervescence des annees 1940 durant lesquelles un style pictural novateur - la Nouvelle peinture - apparait en Iran. A l'appui d'archives et d'entretiens, cet ouvrage tente de restituer la flamme qui a anime ces artistes-pionniers: leur esprit d'innovation face a une tradition artistique multiseculaire; les risques pris, les transgressions osees et soutenues contre vents et marees. Ils furent les premiers a explorer des terres inconnues, annonciatrices de la modernite. Nombreuses furent les resistances: proces en justice, vandalisme, censure, interdiction de publier leurs revues. Aujourd'hui encore, leur heritage demeure paradoxalement occulte. Leur determination et leur force de conviction ont pourtant suscite des mutations artistiques majeures, sources de changements sociaux non moins importants.

Das vorliegende Buch ist aus einer Grundvorlesung uber lineare Algebra hervorgegangen, die ich an der Universitat Bern mehrmals gehalten habe. Diese Vorlesung ist fur Studenten des zweiten Hochschulsemesters bestimmt, und zwar sowohl fur solche, die Mathematik als Hauptfach studieren, wie auch fur Nebenfachmathematiker. Bei den letzteren handelt es sich vor allem um Ver- sicherungsmathematiker, Astronomen, Physiker und Chemiker, denen sich . gelegentlich auch mathematisch interessierte Volkswirtschaftler angeschlossen haben. Aus der Verschiedenartigkeit der Hoerer ergab sich vorerst die Not- wendigkeit, die Vorlesung moeglichst voraussetzungslos aufzubauen, was auch im Buch zum Ausdruck kommt. Vorausgesetzt wird die durch das Gymnasium vermittelte mathematische Bildung und die Fahigkeit zu abstraktem Denken. Wunschenswert ist die Kenntnis der vektoriellen Geometrie, da sie wertvolles Anschauungsmaterial fur die allgemeine Theorie liefert. Sodann musste der Inhalt der Vorlesung auf das Wichtigste beschrankt bleiben, weshalb auch im Buch nur die reellen und komplexen Vektorraume betrachtet werden, mit Ausnahme des letzten Kapitels. Schliesslich werden auch die Anwendungen der linearen Algebra beruck- sichtigt, entsprechend den Bedurfnissen der meisten Hoerer. Neben Einzel- heiten der Stoffauswahl kommt dies vor allem darin zum Ausdruck, dass fur die wichtigsten Problemklassen der numerischen linearen Algebra jeweils ein einfaches Rechenverfahren erklart wird. Dass dabei auf Vollstandigkeit ver- zichtet werden muss, versteht sich von selbst. Nicht allgemein ublich ist die Behandlung der linearen Programmierung, der Ausgleichung nach Tschebyscheff und der Spieltheorie in einem Lehrbuch der linearen Algebra. Ich habe diese Sachgebiete in der Form von Einfuhrungen aufgenommen, weil es sich um immer wichtiger werdende Teile der linearen Algebra handelt.

K. Bauknecht, Zurich w. Nef, Bern Als Simulation im allgemeinen Sinn wird die untersuchung des Verhaltens eines Systems mit Hilfe eines Ersatzsystems bezeichnet. Ein bekanntes Beispiel ist etwa durch die Flugzeugsimulatoren fur die Ausbildung von Piloten gegeben. Der Grund fur die Durchfuhrung der Simulation anstelle der direkten Betrachtung des eigentlich interessierenden Systems kann verschiedenartig sein. Meistens wi d die Durchfuhrung der notwendigen Versuche aus praktischen GrUnden nicht moglich sein (etwa beim Verkehrssystem einer Gross- stadt), oder zu grosse Kosten verursachen (Grundausbildung von piloten), oder schliesslich zu zeitraubend sein. Mit der verbreitung der digitalen Computer haben Simulationen in einem engeren Sinn, bei denen als Ersatzsystem ein mathematisches Modell verwendet wird, eine immer noch wachsende Bedeutung ge- wonnen. Dabei ist das Ersatzsystem so beschaffen, dass sein Ver- halten mittels digitaler Rechenmethoden mit Hilfe eines Computers studiert werden kann. In diesem besonderen, heute allerdings weit verbreiteten Fall, sprechen wir von digitaler Simulation. Der erste Schritt jeder digitalen simulation besteht in der Kon- struktion des mathematischen Modells, das als Ersatz des zu unter- suchenden Systems dienen solI. lm Rahmen dieses Bandes kann ein System als Kollektiv von Komponenten betrachtet werden, deren jede bestimmte Eingange und Ausgange hat. Bei einem Verkehrssystem kann beispielsweise der warteraum vor einem Verkehrssignal als Komponente betrachtet werden. Sie hat als Eingange die einfahrenden Fahrzeuge und den Plan der Signalsteuerung, als Ausgang die wegfahrenden Fahr- zeuge.