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In this book, Nagesh Kumar and expert contributors examine and
explain the emerging patterns in international technology transfers
and foreign direct investment flows (FDIs) over the past two
decades. They analyse the trends in internationalization of
corporate activity in individual source countries, discussing
outflows from both major and emerging source countries. This
departs from the existing treatments of FDI as homogenous resource
and allows for a more detailed prediction of future outflow
patterns. Throughout, the research focuses upon the implications of
new trends for developing countries. Kumar concludes by outlining
the policy implications for the governments of such countries
seeking to mobilize technology and FDI for their industrialization
and further integration into the international community.
Controversially, he cautions against excessive optimism about the
potential of FDI inflows as an agent of development. This book
draws together much data and information which is not readily
available and provides reflections upon international business
negotiations from a developing country's perspective.
The technological capacity of nations is increasingly seen as a
curcial influence on their international competitiveness and growth
prospects. However, very often technology does not receive due
attention in development policy in many developing countries. This
volume analyzes the factors that contribute to the technological
capability in developing countries and examines the implication
these have on policy formation. Key areas covered include:
globalization and local capability; new technologies and developing
countries; market structure and performance; firm size and
technological activity; multinational enterprises and technology
imports; and patent protection. The authors intend to redress the
balance in the current literature by providing a developing country
perspective on the economic analysis of technology and considering
affecting policies. This volume should be of interest to
researchers in developing economics as well as to those involved
with the creation of policy in developing countries.
Multinational enterprises play a vital role in the economic
activity of most developing countries. In India MNE affiliates
dominate whole sectors of industry - such as plastics and
pharmaceuticals - characterised by a high degree of product
differentiation, complex technology and high skill intensity. Such
advantages, combined with intangible assets, centralised decision
making and global outlook lead to a divergence of approach between
MNEs and their local counterparts in host developing
countries.
This book analyses the inter-industry pattern of MNEs in India in
the framework of the internationalisation theory, also examining
the comparative behaviour of MNE affiliates and LCEs in terms of
conduct and performance. The book goes further to explain the
different performance of these two strategic groups by assessing
profit and export.
This book comprises select proceedings of the International
Conference on Trends and Recent Advances in Civil Engineering
(TRACE 2020). The volume focuses on latest research works carried
out in the area of water resources and transportation engineering.
The topics include technological intervention and solution for
water security, sustainability in water resources and
transportation infrastructure, crop protection, resilience to
disaster like flood, hurricane and drought, traffic congestion,
transport planning etc. It aims to address broad spectrum of
audience by covering inter-disciplinary innovative research and
applications in these areas. It will be useful to graduate
students, researchers, scientists, and practitioners working in
water resources and transportation engineering domain.
This book comprises select proceedings of the International
Conference on Trends and Recent Advances in Civil Engineering
(TRACE 2020). The volume focuses on latest research works carried
out in the area of water resources and transportation engineering.
The topics include technological intervention and solution for
water security, sustainability in water resources and
transportation infrastructure, crop protection, resilience to
disaster like flood, hurricane and drought, traffic congestion,
transport planning etc. It aims to address broad spectrum of
audience by covering inter-disciplinary innovative research and
applications in these areas. It will be useful to graduate
students, researchers, scientists, and practitioners working in
water resources and transportation engineering domain.
This book gives an overview of various aspects of climate change by
integrating global climate models, downscaling approaches, and
hydrological models. It also covers themes that help in
understanding climate change in a holistic manner. The book
includes worked-out examples, revision questions, exercise
problems, and case studies, making it relevant for use as a
textbook in graduate courses and professional development programs.
The book will serve well researchers, students, as well as
professionals working in the area of hydroclimatology.
This volume foregrounds the importance of regional cooperation in
the context of food security challenges in South Asia. South Asia
holds the key to global achievement of SDG targets of ending hunger
and malnutrition - it accounts for nearly one-third of
food-insecure people on the planet, with every third child
suffering from stunting due to malnutrition. Similar food
preferences, production systems, and the transboundary nature of
agrarian ecosystems call for coordinated action by South Asian
countries, complementing national actions dealing with food
security challenges. In this volume, leading experts discuss the
perspectives of key South Asian countries in leveraging regional
cooperation for addressing food security challenges and reflect on
the potential of cooperative actions in different areas. The book
proposes a ten-point regional policy agenda covering cooperation
for combatting climate change, regional trade liberalization,
operationalization of regional food reserves, leveraging
technology, sharing of good practices, regional institution
building, coordinated positions in multilateral trade negotiations,
addressing trans-boundary outbreak of livestock diseases,
strengthening food safety standards, and the management of shared
natural resources. A key volume on accomplishing SDGs in the South
Asian context, this book will be of immense interest to policy
makers, researchers, and development practitioners. It is also
essential reading for scholars and researchers in the areas of
development studies, South Asia studies, food security, environment
and sustainability.
This volume foregrounds the importance of regional cooperation in
the context of food security challenges in South Asia. South Asia
holds the key to global achievement of SDG targets of ending hunger
and malnutrition - it accounts for nearly one-third of
food-insecure people on the planet, with every third child
suffering from stunting due to malnutrition. Similar food
preferences, production systems, and the transboundary nature of
agrarian ecosystems call for coordinated action by South Asian
countries, complementing national actions dealing with food
security challenges. In this volume, leading experts discuss the
perspectives of key South Asian countries in leveraging regional
cooperation for addressing food security challenges and reflect on
the potential of cooperative actions in different areas. The book
proposes a ten-point regional policy agenda covering cooperation
for combatting climate change, regional trade liberalization,
operationalization of regional food reserves, leveraging
technology, sharing of good practices, regional institution
building, coordinated positions in multilateral trade negotiations,
addressing trans-boundary outbreak of livestock diseases,
strengthening food safety standards, and the management of shared
natural resources. A key volume on accomplishing SDGs in the South
Asian context, this book will be of immense interest to policy
makers, researchers, and development practitioners. It is also
essential reading for scholars and researchers in the areas of
development studies, South Asia studies, food security, environment
and sustainability.
This book gives an overview of various aspects of climate change by
integrating global climate models, downscaling approaches, and
hydrological models. It also covers themes that help in
understanding climate change in a holistic manner. The book
includes worked-out examples, revision questions, exercise
problems, and case studies, making it relevant for use as a
textbook in graduate courses and professional development programs.
The book will serve well researchers, students, as well as
professionals working in the area of hydroclimatology.
This book deals with current procedures for Practical Biochemistry.
This is Kind of Work book. Revision exercises given in this book
Helps Medical Students, non medical and, paramedical students as
well. An Easy Approach to Practical Biochemistry Serves as self
guide to the Students. Written By Good, Talented, Experienced
Authors G. Amar Nagesh Kumar PhD Scholar Narayana Medical College,
Nellore India Dr Robby Kumar PhD Lecturer, Department of
Biochemistry SSR Medical College Mauritius. In this book latest
laboratory diagnostic tests and few techniques in biochemistry
department with basic principles are well described in simple
language. I hope many medical, paramedical and other science
undergraduate students will be benefited by this book.
A primer is a strand of nucleic acid that serves as a starting
point for DNA replication. They are required because the enzymes
that catalyze replication, DNA polymerases, can only add new
nucleotides to an existing strand of DNA.The primers are to be
designed correctly in thr amplification of a single DNA fragment
corresponding to the target reagion of the template molecule.The
primer should be complementary to its template strand at the 5' and
3' ends of the DNA region. in order for hybridization to occur .
Amplification can occur when mismatching primers are close enough
together on opposite strands of DNA - and an unwanted sequence is
produced with ends that precisely match the primers. If such an
'incorrect' fragment is synthesized in the early cycles of a PCR,
it will be efficiently amplified on subsequent cycles.
With progressive liberalisation of quantitative restrictions and
tariff barriers following multilateral trade negotiations in WTO,
environmental standards have emerged as significant trade barriers
for developing countries' exports. These standards include food
safety regulations, labelling requirements, quality and
compositional standards and are often not uniform across countries.
WTO Agreements on Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary measures (SPS) and
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) aim to ensure that such standards
do not cause adverse impacts on trade. However, the developed
countries have made use of flexibilities in the WTO agreements and
have imposed stringent environmental norms and standards that
primarily act as barriers to the exports from developing countries
and also impose large compliance costs that eventually impinge on
competitiveness of their exports. In ""Environmental Requirements
and Market Access"", leading experts examine the incidence of
environmental requirements in the North and their impact on market
access for Southern products especially those from South Asia. The
book deals with various dimensions of such environmental and health
related standards and their impact on South Asian trade in terms of
their prohibitive effect, discriminatory impact and high compliance
costs. The volume concludes with an agenda of action points for
governments, business houses and international agencies to address
the challenge.
Various modeling methodologies are available to aid planning and
operational decision making: this book synthesises these, with an
emphasis on methodologies applicable in data scarce regions, such
as developing countries. Problems included in each chapter, and
supported by links to available online data sets and modeling
tools, engage the reader with practical applications of the models.
Academic researchers in the fields of hydrology, climate change,
and environmental science and hazards, and professionals and
policy-makers working in hazard mitigation, remote sensing and
hydrological engineering will find this an invaluable resource.
This volume is the second in a collection of four books on flood
disaster management theory and practice within the context of
anthropogenic climate change. The others are: Floods in a Changing
Climate: Extreme Precipitation by Ramesh Teegavarapu, Floods in a
Changing Climate: Inundation Modelling by Giuliano Di Baldassarre
and Floods in a Changing Climate: Risk Management by Slodoban P.
Simonovic.
Various modeling methodologies are available to aid planning and
operational decision making: this book synthesises these, with an
emphasis on methodologies applicable in data scarce regions, such
as developing countries. Problems included in each chapter, and
supported by links to available online data sets and modeling
tools, engage the reader with practical applications of the models.
Academic researchers in the fields of hydrology, climate change,
and environmental science and hazards, and professionals and
policy-makers working in hazard mitigation, remote sensing and
hydrological engineering will find this an invaluable resource.
This volume is the second in a collection of four books on flood
disaster management theory and practice within the context of
anthropogenic climate change. The others are: Floods in a Changing
Climate: Extreme Precipitation by Ramesh Teegavarapu, Floods in a
Changing Climate: Inundation Modelling by Giuliano Di Baldassarre
and Floods in a Changing Climate: Risk Management by Slodoban P.
Simonovic.
Despite the mounting criticism that globalization is encountering,
the developed countries continue to lose no opportunity to change
the rules of the global economy in their favour, regardless of the
impact on developing countries and the poor. This book examines one
of the most important instances of this: the rich countries'
insistence that the WTO not only launch a new round of world trade
negotiations, but that rules which were supposed to be confined to
trade issues now be extended by means of new agreements protecting
foreign direct investment. What is being proposed would be at the
expense of the freedom of developing countries to determine their
own policies towards foreign capital in tune with their development
policy objectives. The two authors of this book have an intimate
knowledge of WTO negotiating processes. They explain in detail the
North's relentless determination to give privileged protection to
the overseas investments of its transnational corporations. These
initiatives have included, inter alia, the OECD's failed MAI
initiative, the World Bank-sponsored Multilateral Investment
Guarantee Agency, and the WTO's General Agreement on Trade in
Services (GATS) and Agreement on Trade-related Investment Measures
(TRIMS). The authors spell out their consequences for developing
countries. They examine whether there is any real case for a new
multilateral framework on investment within the WTO. And they
propose various options for developing countries to resist what
amounts to a new form of Western protectionism, including how a
development dimension could be incorporated in any new agreement,
should the member countries of the WTO decide to proceed with
negotiations. This book provides invaluable information and
analysis for diplomats and trade negotiators, policy makers and
scholars, as well as civil society activists concerned with the
impact of TNC investments on development.
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